MPI (Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana)

Optimasi Rasio Cocoa Butter dan Minyak Jarak pada Stabilitas Lip Balm Stick Ekstrak Lidah Buaya (Aloe vera Linn.)

2024-12-31T17:12:30+00:00

Lip balm merupakan produk perawatan bibir yang sangat esensial karena fungsinya dalam menjaga kelembapan dan memberikan proteksi terhadap kekeringan. Kombinasi cocoa butter dan minyak jarak sering digunakan dalam formulasi lip balm karena sifatnya yang melembapkan, namun rasio yang tidak tepat dapat mempengaruhi stabilitas dan tekstur produk. Ekstrak lidah buaya (Aloe vera Linn.) memberikan tambahan manfaat dalam melembapkan dan menyejukkan, sehingga meningkatkan khasiat lip balm. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati kesesuaian lip balm dengan spesifikasi dan memperoleh rasio cocoa butter dan minyak jarak terbaik berdasarkan karakteristik dan stabilitasnya. Lip balm diformulasikan dalam tiga formula yang bervariasi pada rasio cocoa butter dan minyak jarak, masing-masing adalah 10:44,2 (formula I), 11:43,2 (formula II) dan 12:42,2 (formula III). Kondisi penyimpanan produk dikondisikan pada suhu 40 °C dan RH 75% ± 5% selama 30 hari. Keseluruhan formula lip balm memenuhi seluruh spesifikasi yaitu organoleptis, kekerasan, berat jenis, titik lebur, spreadability dan pH. Rasio cocoa butter dan minyak jarak mempengaruhi karakteristik titik lebur dan pH lip balm. Lip balm lidah buaya formula II dengan rasio cocoa butter dan minyak jarak 11:43,2 merupakan formula terbaik yang stabil pada keseluruhan parameter.

Lip balm is an essential lip care product due to its function in maintaining moisture and providing protection against dryness. A combination of cocoa butter and castor oil is commonly used in lip balm formulations due to its moisturizing properties; however, an incorrect ratio can affect the product stability and texture. Aloe vera (Aloe vera Linn.) extract provides additional benefits in terms of hydration and soothing, thereby enhancing the efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the conformity of the lip balm with specified standards and to determine the optimal ratio of cocoa butter to castor oil based on its stability. The lip balm was formulated in three different formulations with varying cocoa butter and castor oil ratios: 10:44.2 (formula I), 11:43.2 (formula II), and 12:42.2 (formula III). Storage conditions were set at 40 °C and RH 75% ± 5% for 30 days. All formulations met the pecifications, including organoleptic properties, hardness, specific gravity, melting point, spreadability, and pH. The cocoa butter-to-castor oil ratio influenced the melting point and pH characteristics of the lip balm. Lip balm formula II, with a cocoa butter and castor oil ratio of 11:43.2, was the best formula, stable across all parameters.

Submitted: 10-11-2024, Revised: 29-11-2024, Accepted: 05-12-2024, Published regularly: December 2024

Formulasi dan Evaluasi Sabun Wajah yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Jamur Shiitake (Lentinus edodes)

2024-12-31T17:12:08+00:00

Jamur shiitake (Lentinus edodes) kaya akan polisakarida, selenium, dan vitamin sehingga banyak digunakan sebagai salah satu komposisi kosmetik kulit dan rambut. Salah satu kosmetik yang banyak menggunakan jamur shiitake adalah sabun wajah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstraksi jamur shiitake dengan beberapa konsentrasi alkohol, yaitu 96% (F1), 75% (F2), dan 50% (F3) menggunakan ultrasonik. Selanjutnya, formula tersebut dievaluasi karakteristik fisikokimianya meliputi pemeriksaan organoleptis, pH, berat jenis, daya sebar, uji busa, laju alir, dan uji hedonik. Formula terbaik adalah F3 dengan karakteristik warna putih krim, tekstur homogen, aroma enak, pH 10,55, berat jenis 0,25 g/ml, daya sebar 11,4 cm, stabilitas 100%, dan viskositas 233,8 cps. Uji hedonik formula F3 dilakukan terhadap 20 responden dengan parameter organoleptis, aroma, kekentalan, uji busa, dan efek melembabkan kulit. Hasil uji hedonik dari para responden dengan nilai tertinggi dari sabun wajah diperoleh dari parameter efek melembabkan kulit, diikuti dengan organoleptis dan efek busa.

Shiitake mushrooms (Lentinus edodes) are rich in polysaccharides, selenium, and vitamins that are beneficial for skin and hair cosmetics. These compounds induce shiitake mushrooms to be widely used as raw materials for cosmetics, one of which is facial wash. The purpose of this study is to extract shiitake mushroom using various ethanol concentration 96% (F1), 75% (F2), and 50% (F3) with ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) method. Next, the formulas were evaluated for physicochemical characteristics, including organoleptic testing, pH, specific gravity, spreadability, foam test, flow properties, and hedonic test. F3 showed the best formula with evaluated characteristics of creamy white color, homogeneous texture, aromatic, pH value 10.55, specific gravity 0.25 g/ml, spreadability of 11.4 cm, 100% foam stability, and flow properties of 233.8 cps. Hedonic testing of F3 facial wash was conducted on 20 respondents with acceptance parameters including organoleptic, scent, viscosity, foam test, and moisturizing effect. The highest hedonic test result score was shown from the parameter of the ability of shiitake mushroom extract facial wash to moisturize the skin, followed by organoleptic and foam effect.

Submitted: 12-11-2024, Revised: 09-12-2024, Accepted: 11-12-2024, Published regularly: December 2024

Perbandingan Metode Isolasi Kitosan dari Cangkang Kreca (Bellamya javanica)

2024-12-31T17:16:00+00:00

Gastropoda termasuk salah satu kelompok hewan yang memiliki jumlah terbesar dalam dunia hewan dengan jenis yang umum dikenal adalah siput, kerang, dan cumi-cumi. Limbah cangkang merupakan masalah yang harus segera diatasi karena memiliki dampak yang buruk pada makhluk hidup, seperti terjadinya pencemaran tanah dan air. Limbah organik dari cangkang juga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas udara jika terjadi pembusukan dan dapat menimbulkan penyakit ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Atas). Kreca (Bellamya javanica) merupakan salah satu hewan Mollusca yang hidup bebas di daerah persawahan dan dapat dikonsumsi masyarakat. Cangkang kreca mengandung kitin, mineral, kalsium dan protein, sehingga limbah cangkangnya memiliki potensi untuk diolah dan dikembangkan menjadi suatu produk bernilai ekonomi tinggi salah satunya sebagai sumber kitin- kitosan. Kitosan merupakan salah satu turunan dari senyawa kitin diperoleh melalui proses demineralisasi, deproteinasi dan deasetilasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan penggunaan refluksdan magnetic stirrer pada proses isolasi kitosan tahap deasetilasi terhadap persentase rendemen dan derajat deasetilasi kitosan yang dihasilkan. Pada penggunaan refluks didapatkan nilai rendemen yang lebih besar yaitu 10,819% daripada magnetic stirrer. Hasil analisis FTIR dari kitosan yang dihasilkan dari penggunaan refluks dan magnetic stirrer didapatkan beberapa gugus fungsi yaitu gugus OH, CH, CO Amida, CH2 dan COC, dengan nilai derajat deasetilasi pada penggunaan refluks sebesar 38,6% dan 47,8% pada penggunaan magnetic stirrer, sehingga disimpulkan penggunaan magnetic stirrer lebih baik daripada refluks dilihat dari nilai derajat deasetilasinya.

Gastropods are among the largest groups of animals in the animal kingdom, with commonly known types being snails, clams, and squid. Shell waste is a problem that needs to be addressed immediately because it has a detrimental impact on living beings, such as causing soil and water pollution. Organic waste from shells can also affect air quality if it decomposes and can cause respiratory infections. Kreca (Bellamya javanica) is one type of mollusk that lives freely in paddy fields and can be consumed by the community. Kreca shells contain chitin, minerals, calcium, and protein, so the shell waste has the potential to be processed and developed into a high-economic-value product, one of which is as a source of chitin-chitosan. Chitosan is a derivative of the chitin compound obtained through the processes of demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. This study aims to determine the effect of using reflux and a magnetic stirrer in the chitosan isolation process at the deacetylation stage on the percentage yield and the degree of deacetylation of the resulting chitosan. Using reflux resulted in a higher yield value of 10.819% compared to the magnetic stirrer. The FTIR analysis results of the chitosan obtained from using reflux and magnetic stirrer showed several functional groups: OH, CH, CO Amide, CH2, and COC, with the degree of deacetylation using reflux being 38.6% and 47.8% using the magnetic stirrer. Therefore, it is concluded that using a magnetic stirrer is better than reflux in terms of the degree of deacetylation.

Submitted: 28-03-2024, Revised: 02-10-2024, Accepted: 29-10-2024, Published regularly: December 2024

Formulation and Hedonic Test of Lemon (Citrus limon L.), Ginger (Zingiber officinale), and Porang (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) Flour as Health Powder Beverage

2024-12-31T17:15:33+00:00

Health powder drinks are drinks made from powder or granules in a mixture of sugar, fruit, and spices, usually served quickly by brewing, and contain many nutritional and non-nutritional elements. Identify the physical evaluation of powder, quality requirement test (Indonesian National Standard (SNI)), and hedonic test of lemon juice (Citrus limon L.), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and porang flour (Amorphophallus muelleri Blume) health powder beverage. This study was experimental, by making lemon and ginger juice powder using a freeze-drying instrument. Lemon, ginger, and porang flour powders were formulated in 3 formulas. Then, the physical evaluation of the powder involving a quality requirement test (SNI) and hedonic test was conducted. The results of physical evaluation tests which include (organoleptic, flow time, angle of repose, specific gravity, water content, and dissolving time) and quality requirements tests which include (water content and ash content) show that powdered drinks meet the physical requirements of powders and quality requirements (SNI). Hedonic taste, color, aroma, and texture tests differ from the three formulas. Health powder drinks have a good physical evaluation of powders and quality requirements (SNI), and the most favored formula by panelists is formula 3.

Submitted: 29-07-2024, Revised: 09-12-2024, Accepted: 11-12-2024, Published regularly: December 2024

Pengaruh Edukasi Kesehatan dan Pesan Pengingat terhadap Efektivitas Terapi Pasien Diabetes Melitus

2024-12-31T17:14:45+00:00

Edukasi kesehatan disertai pesan pengingat dapat menjadi pilihan strategis dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan pasien serta kepatuhan penggunaan obat yang berhubungan dengan meningkatnya efektivitas terapi pada pasien diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian edukasi kesehatan dengan video animasi dan pesan pengingat terhadap efektivitas terapi pasien yang dilihat dari pretest dan posttest kadar gula darah sewaktu dan skor kuisioner DKQ-24. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi eksperimental dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling dan didapat 50 pasien di Puskesmas Segiri Samarinda pada periode waktu September sampai November 2023, yang terbagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok perlakuan dan kelompok kontrol. Hasil analisis uji Mann Whitney edukasi dan pesan pengingat terhadap efektivitas terapi dengan nilai signifikansi 0,027 (p < 0,05), dimana terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara dua kelompok. Dari hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkanbahwa edukasi kesehatan dan pesan pengingat berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas terapi diabetes.

Health education accompanied by reminder messages can be a strategic choice in increasing patient knowledge and compliance with medication use which is associated with increasing the effectiveness of therapy in diabetes patients. This study aims to determine the effect of providing health education using animated video and reminder messages on effectiveness of patient therapy as seen from pretest and posttest blood sugar levels during and DKQ-24 questionnaire scores. The research method used was quasi-experimental with purposive sampling and 50 patients were obtained at the Segiri Samarinda Community Health Center in period September to November 2023, divided into two groups, namely treatment and control group. The results of the Mann Whitney test analysis of education and reminder messages on effectiveness therapy with a significance value of 0.027 (p < 0.05), where there is a significant difference between two groups. From these results it can be concluded that health education and reminder messages influence the effectiveness of therapy for diabetes.

Submitted: 23-08-2024, Revised: 11-12-2024, Accepted: 12-12-2024, Published regularly: December 2024

Potensi Sinergisme Kombinasi Senyawa Turunan Benzofenon dan Seskuiterpenoid Daun Gaharu (Aquilaria sp.) sebagai Antibakteri Penyakit Kulit

2024-12-31T17:15:11+00:00

Tanaman gaharu dikenal memiliki beberapa khasiat dalam pengobatan tradisional, sebagai bahan baku kosmetik, dan lain sebagainya. Pada penelitian ini, ekstrak n-heksan, etil asetat dan etanol, serta fraksi n- heksan daun gaharu dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri kulit, yaitu terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis. Pene- litian ini terdiri atas tahapan: ekstraksi bertingkat dengan pelarut yang berbeda kepolaran, skrining fitokimia, fraksinasi, isolasi dan uji aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi cakram. Skrining fitokimia ekstrak n-heksana daun gaharu mengandung senyawa triterpenoid dan steroid, ekstrak etil asetat daun gaharu mengandung senyawa tanin, steroid dan flavanoid dan ekstrak etanol daun gaharu mengandung senyawa tanin, triterpenoid, saponin dan flavanoid. Uji aktivitas antibakteri yang dilakukan selama 24 jam dengan variasi konsentrasi ekstrak 100 ppm, 50 ppm fraksi dan dua kandidat isolat serta kombinasinya yang diduga benzofenon dan seskuiterpenoid dengan rasio perbandingan uji (1:1), (1:3) dan (3:1). Pada hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa potensi penghambatan pertumbuhan bakteri S.epidermidis terbaik pada ekstrak n-heksan 50 ppm dan fraksi etil asetat 50 ppm. Dua kandidat isolat seskuiterpenoid 50 ppm menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri yang lemah, sementara sampel isolat kandidat benzofenon 50 ppm tidak menunjukkan adanya aktivitas antibakteri.

The agarwood plant is known to have several benefits in traditional medicine, the agarwood plant is also used as a raw material for cosmetics, and so on. In this research, agarwood leaf extract of n-hexane; ethyl acetate and ethanolic was used as an antibacterial for Staphylococcus epidermidis. This research consisted of: multilevel solvent of extraction , phytochemical screening, fractionation, isolation and antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method. Phytochemical screening the n-hexane extract of gaharu leaves contains triterpenoid and steroid compounds, the ethyl acetate extract of gaharu leaves contains tannin, steroid and flavonoid compounds and the ethanol extract of gaharu leaves contains tannin, triterpenoid, saponin and flavonoid compounds. The antibacterial activity test was carried out for 24 hours with varying concentrations of 100ppm (extract and initial fraction), 50ppm (extract, fraction and two isolates of candidate compounds) and also a combination of two isolates suspected to be benzophenone and sesquiterpenoid (1:1), (1:3 ) and (3:1). The test results showed that the best inhibition of the growth of S.epidermidis bacteria in 50 ppm n-hexane extract and 50 ppm ethyl acetate fractions had good activity. Benzofenon candidate isolate showed weak antibacterial activity, while the 50 ppm benzophenone candidate isolate sample did not show any antibacterial activity.

Submitted: 23-08-2024, Revised: 04-11-2024, Accepted: 23-12-2024, Published regularly: December 2024

Formulasi dan Penentuan Nilai SPF Krim Tabir Surya Ekstrak Etanol 96% Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica (L). Less) secara In Vitro

2024-12-31T17:13:36+00:00

Pemanfaatan tanaman yang mengandung antioksidan sebagai salah satu produk kecantikan kini mulai berkembang karena adanya tren back to nature. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah True Experimental Design dengan jenis penelitian posttest only control design berdasarkan perbandingan antara kedua kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan eksperimen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan formula sediaan krim tabir surya ekstrak etanol daun beluntas sebagai bahan aktif dengan konsentrasi berbeda yaitu 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil Formula 1 memiliki kararakteristik yang memenuhi standar dibanding F0, F2, dan F3. Berdasarkan penentuan nilai Sun Protection Factor (SPF) diperoleh kategori maksimal pada Formula 3 dengan nilai SPF 9,396.

The use of plants that contain antioxidants as a beauty product is now starting to increase because of the “back to nature” trend. The research method used was True Experimental Design with a posttest only control design type of research by making a comparison between the two groups, namely the control and experimental groups. The aims was to develop a sunscreen cream preparation formula of ethanol extract of beluntas leaves as an active ingredient with different concentrations, namely 5%, 10% and 15%. Based on the research, the results show that Formula 1 has characteristics that meet the standards compared to F0, F2 and F3. Based on the test for determining the Sun Protection Factor (SPF) value, the maximum category was obtained in Formula 3 with the SPF value of 9.396.

Submitted: 18-09-2024, Revised: 06-12-2024, Accepted: 11-12-2024, Published regularly: December 2024

Pemahaman Masyarakat tentang Desain dan Isi Informasi pada Etiket Obat serta Praktik Penggunaan Antibiotika Sirup Kering

2024-12-31T17:12:52+00:00

Menyajikan informasi obat dan konsisten pada etiket obat memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan kepatuhan dan hasil terapi. Etiket obat harus memuat informasi penting yang dibutuhkan pasien untuk menjamin obat yang aman dan efektif. Diperlukan panduan pelabelan obat untuk mengurangi potensi kesalahan pengobatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan sikap, pemahaman, dan praktik penggunaan obat oleh pasien yang mendapat sediaan sirup kering dengan 2 macam desain etiket, yaitu etiket yang umum digunakan di Indonesia dan etiket yang dikembangkan berdasarkan panduan dari beberapa negara, yaitu FIP, USP, dan ACSQHC. Dalam penelitian ini, diperoleh total 80 responden. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah tidak ada perbe- daaan sikap dari kedua kelompok responden mengenai desain etiket kecuali dalam hal kelengkapan isi informasi (P = 0,044). Pada variabel pengetahuan juga tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada kedua kelompok responden, namun pada variabel praktik penggunaan terdapat perbedaan bermakna (P = 0,020) dimana kelompok responden satu mempunyai skor yang lebih tinggi dari kelompok dua yaitu masing-massing 2,68 ± 0,474 dan 2,28 ± 0,784. Kebenaran dalam mengukur dosis dapat dipengaruhi oleh keterampilan motorik seseorang, namun tetap dibutuhkan kelengkapan informasi yang dapat mengurangi potensi medication error, sehingga diperlukan panduan yang mengatur informasi minimal yang harus ada dalam etiket obat pada pelayanan resep di Indonesia.

Presenting drug information and consistency on drug labels has the potential to improve compliance and therapeutic outcomes. Drug labels must contain important information needed by patients to ensure safe and effective drugs. Drug labeling guidelines are needed to reduce the potential for medication errors. This study aims to see the differences in attitudes, understanding, and practices of drug use by patients who receive dry syrup preparations with 2 types of label designs, namely labels commonly used in Indonesia and labels developed based on guidelines from several countries, namely FIP, USP, and ACSQHC. In this study, a total of 80 respondents were obtained. The results obtained that there was no difference in attitudes from the two groups of respondents regarding label design except in terms of the completeness of the information content (P = 0.044). In the understanding variable, there was also no significant difference in the two groups of respondents, but in the practice variable there was a significant difference (P = 0.020), where respondent group one had a higher score than group two, namely 2.68 ± 0.474 and 2.28 ± 0.784 respectively. The accuracy in measuring the dose can be influenced by a person's motor skills, but complete information is still needed to reduce the potential for medication errors, so a guideline is needed that regulates the minimum information that must be included in drug labels in prescription services in Indonesia.

Submitted: 07-11-2024, Revised: 13-12-2024, Accepted: 17-12-2024, Published regularly: December 2024

Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun dan Batang Etlingera comosa Endemik Sulawesi Tengah Menggunakan Metode ABTS

2024-12-31T17:14:00+00:00

Etlingera comosa adalah jenis tanaman yang unik dan baru ditemukan, berasal dari Tentena, Sulawesi Tengah. Meskipun diyakini bahwa genus Etlingera ini mengandung senyawa antioksidan, belum ada penelitian yang mendalam mengenai spesies Etlingera comosa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder pada ekstrak etanol daun dan batang tanaman Etlingera comosa, serta mengidentifikasi aktivitas antioksidan yang terdapat pada ekstrak etanol daun dan batang Etlingera comosa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ABTS (2,2-azinobis 3-etilbenzotiazolin-6-sulfonat) untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol daun dan batang Etlingera comosa. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol tanaman Etlingera comosa pada bagian daun positif mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder golongan flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid dan tanin. Sedangkan bagian batang positif mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder golongan flavonoid, alkaloid, dan tanin. Aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak etanol tanaman Etlingera comosa berdasarkan nilai IC50 bagian daun sebesar 11,75 μg/ml sedangkan bagian batang sebesar 83,11 μg/ml. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun dan batang Etlingera comosa mempunyai senyawa antioksidan serta memiliki aktivitas antioksidan.

Etlingera comosa is a unique and newly discovered plant species endemic to Tentena, Central Sulawesi. Although the Etlingera genus is believed to contain antioxidant compounds, there has been no thorough research on the specific species Etlingera comosa. This study aims to investigate thephytochemical content of the ethanol extract from the leaves and stems of Etlingera comosa, as well as to evaluate its antioxidant activity. The research utilized the ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate)) method with UV-Vis spectroscopy, measuring at a wavelength of 751 nm to assess the antioxidant activity of the ethanol extract. The findings indicated that the ethanol extract from the leaves of Etlingera comosa tested positive for secondary metabolite compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, triterpenoids/steroids, and tannins. In contrast, the stems showed positive results for flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. The antioxidant activity was quantified using the IC50 value, 11.75 μg/ml for the leaf extract and 83.11 μg/ml for the stem extract. These results demonstrate that the ethanol extracts of both the leaves and stems of Etlingera comosa contain antioxidant compounds and exhibit antioxidant activity.

Submitted: 09-09-2024, Revised: 26-11-2024, Accepted: 29-11-2024, Published regularly: December 2024

Molecular Docking of Pomegranate Peel (Punica granatum L.) Active Compounds by Targeting Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) in Diabetes Condition

2024-12-31T17:13:14+00:00

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by increased blood glucose concentration, known as hyperglycemia. Several studies report that diabetes mellitus is associated with the presence of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). One of the medicinal plants that has the potential to be used to treat diabetes mellitus is pomegranate (Punica granatum L.). Therefore, this study aimed to observe the effect of bioactive compounds of pomegranate peel as antidiabetic against TNF-α using a molecular docking approach. The stages of molecular docking include geometry optimization, validation of the docking program, docking ligand test, and visualization of the docking results. The target compounds analyzed from pomegranate peel were ellagitannin and punicalagin. The macromolecular target wasTNF-α. Redocking between the original ligand and the target TNF-α showed an RMSD value of ≤ 2.0 Å with a value of 0.4902 Å. The hydrophobic interaction was formed between ellagitannin and punicalagin on the TNF-α target shows excellent ligand-receptor interactions, this can be seen from the binding free energy value which is smaller when compared to the co-crystal ligand. These results indicate that the complex formed from tethering ellagitannin and punicalagin to the TNF-α target is more stable than the original ligand complex with the TNF-α target. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that pomegranate peel has excellent potential as an antidiabetic. In silico research shows that pomegranate peel content such as ellagitannin can bind stably with TNF-α (ΔG = -132.44kcal/mol), so it is predicted to be able to suppress TNF-α which is responsible for the emergence of diabetes mellitus.

Submitted: 05-10-2024, Revised: 16-11-2024, Accepted: 25-11-2024, Published regularly: December 2024

A Review of Theoretical Approach to Sweetness in Chemical Compounds

2024-12-31T17:14:22+00:00

The relationship between humans and the sweet sensation is a challenge in itself. The concept of taste undergoes dynamic transformations throughout human civilization, reflecting individuals evolving preferences and experiences. Taste, as an experiential phenomenon, intricately involves the physiological aspects of the human body, with a direct correlation to signal transmission within the brain. The primary objective of this study is to unravel the chemical characteristics that contribute to the generation of sweet flavours. The research investigates the complex interplay between chemical structures and taste perception by utilizing a comprehensive review of literature from diverse sources, including books and scholarly articles from various publishers. Various analytical techniques, such as ligand-based glucophore modeling, quantitative structure-activity relationships, and the prediction and discovery of sweet receptors, are employed to understand the effects of chemical structures on sweetness. By exploring how the chemical composition of substances influences taste, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the molecular foundations of flavour, advancing our understanding of the complexities that underlie the human gustatory experience.

Submitted: 27-08-2024, Revised: 29-10-2024, Accepted: 24-12-2024, Published regularly: December 2024