Jenis dan Sumber Dukungan Sosial Pada Mahasiswa
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Abstract
The aim of this research is to detect the kinds of support needed by students including the sources of the support, and aware of the student’s most needed support. Subjects (N = 93) were psy- chology students of year 2004 & 2005, who were selected through stratified proportional random sampling. Data were collected through a questionnaire and then described through frequency distri- bution, cross tabulation, and multidimensional scaling (MDS). Result from the MDS reveals that emotional support was mostly obtained from parents (and friends), companionship from friends, in- formational support from friends (and parents), and material support from parents. Similar mapping was also obtained from students according to generation and gender; but a different map appear when examined through engaged status. i.e. students who have fiancees, the emotional support are domi- nantly obtained from the fiancees. The main support needed by students are emotional support, the companionship, informational, and material supports.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeteksi jenis dukungan yang dibutuhkan mahasiswa beserta sumber dukungan tersebut dan mengetahui jenis dukungan yang paling dibutuhkan mahasiswa. Subjek (N = 93) adalah mahasiswa psikologi angkatan 2004 dan 2005. Sampel diperoleh dengan teknik stratified proportional random sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan metode angket, kemudian dideskripsikan dengan menggunakan distribusi frekuensi, tabulasi silang, dan MDS (Multidimensional Scaling). Hasil pemetaan MDS menunjukkan bahwa dukungan emosional banyak diperoleh dari orangtua (dan teman), dukungan companionship diperoleh dari teman, dukungan informasional diperoleh dari teman (dan orangtua), dan dukungan material diperoleh dari orangtua. Pemetaan yang serupa juga ditemukan pada mahasiswa jika ditinjau dari angkatan dan jenis kelamin; namun terlihat perbedaan pemetaan jika ditinjau dari status berpacaran, yaitu pada mahasiswa yang memiliki pacar, dukungan emosional secara dominan diperoleh dari pacar. Dukungan utama yang dibutuhkan oleh mahasiswa adalah dukungan emosional, kemudian dukungan companionship, informasional, dan material.
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