MODUL PENGEMBANGAN PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING PADA MAHASISWA PERFEKSIONIS
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Keywords:
Psychological well-being, module, perfectionist student
Abstract
Abstrak - Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian dan survei singkat peneliti pada mahasiswa perfeksionis khususnya yang bersifat maladaptif cenderung memiliki kesejahteraan psikologis yang rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat modul yang mampu mengembangkan kesejahteraan psikologis (psychological well-being) pada mahasiswa perfeksionis. Modul disusun berdasarkan analisis kebutuhan mahasiswa perfeksionis dalam rangka mengembangkan kesejahteraan psikologisnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan research and development sebagai desain penelitiannya. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan wawancara secara mendalam. Data yang ada kemudian dianalisis tematik hingga memunculkan kategori yang menjadi dasar dalam penyusunan modul. Dari hasil asesmen ditemukan tujuh kategori yang kemudian diturunkan menjadi tujuh bab dalam materi modul yaitu penerimaan diri, hubungan positif dengan orang lain, kemandirian, penguasaan terhadap lingkungan, tujuan hidup, pertumbuhan diri, dan mekanisme koping dalam pemecahan masalah. Berdasarkan hasil asesmen, peneliti kemudian menyusun modul “Aku Bahagia menjadi Perfeksionis: Modul Pengembangan Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Mahasiswa Perfeksionis”. Dari hasil proses diseminasi, modul dinilai positif dari segi penampilan dan isi materi serta dapat menjawab kebutuhan mahasiswa perfeksionis sehingga disarankan untuk digunakan sebagai sarana mahasiswa perfeksionis untuk mengembangkan kesejahteraan psikologisnya.
Kata kunci: Psychological well-being, modul, mahasiswa perfeksionis
Abstract - Based on several studies and a brief survey of student researchers in particular that are maladaptive perfectionists tend to have lower psychological well-being. The purpose of this study was to create a module that is capable of developing psychological well-being on the perfectionist students. The module is based on the analysis of the needs of perfectionist students in order to develop their psychological wellbeing. This study used qualitative methods to research and development as the research design. Data was collected using in-depth interviews. Existing data is then analyzed to bring thematic categories became the basis for preparing a module. From the results of the assessment found seven categories that can be lowered into seven chapters in the module material that is self-acceptance, positive relations with others, autonomy, environmental mastery, purpose in life, personal growth, and coping mechanisms in problem solving. Based on the assessment results, the researchers then developed a module "Aku Bahagia menjadi Perfeksionis: Modul Pengembangan Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Mahasiswa Perfeksionis ". From the result of the dissemination process, the module is considered positive in terms of appearance and content of the materials and addresses the needs of students of a perfectionist so it is advised to be used as a means of perfectionist students to develop their psychological wellbeing.
Keywords: Psychological well-being, module, perfectionist student
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References
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Bekes, V., Dunkley D. M., Taylor, G., Zuroff, D. C., Foley, J. E., Myhr, G., & Westreich, R. (2015). Chronic stress and attenuated improvement in depression over 1 year: The moderating role of perfectionism. Behavior Therapy, 46, 478-492.
Black, J., & Reynolds, W. M. (2013).Examining the relationship of perfectionism, depression, and optimism: Testing for mediation and moderation. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 426-431.
Boere, C. G. (2010). Personality Theories: Melacak Kepribadian Anda Bersama Psikolog Dunia. Yogyakarta: Primasophie.
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CAPS. (2011). Learn to Manage Perfectionism. The University of Sydney: University Publishing Service.
Carr, A. (2004). Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Human Strengths. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Carver, C. S., Scheir, M. F., & Wientraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoritically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56 (2), 267-283.
Chan, D. W. (2008). Perfectionism and striving for excellence. Educational Research Jornal, 23(1).
Chang, E. C., Banks, K. H.,& Watkins, A. F.(2004). How adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism relate to positive and negative psychological functioning: Testing a stress-mediation model in black and white female college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology.http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/psych_scholarship/1
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Dunkley, D. M., & Blankstein, K. R. (2000). Self-critical perfectionism, coping, hassles, and current distress: A structural equation modeling approach. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 713-730.
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Frost, R.O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990).The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449-468.
Gould, J. (2012). Overcoming Perfectionism. Jenny Gould & Ventus Publishing ApS.
Gunawinata, V. A. R., Nanik, & Lasmono, H. K. (2008). Perfeksionisme, prokrastinasi akademik, dan penyelesaian skripsi mahasiswa. Anima, Indonesian Psychological Journal, 23(3), 256-276.
Hamachek, D. E., (1978). Psychodinamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology, 15, 27-33.
Hanchon, T. A.(2010). The relations between perfectionism and achievement goals. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 885-890.
Helmi, A. F. (1995). Konsep dan teknik pengenalan diri. Buletin Psikologi, 3 (2).
Hernawati, R. I. (2008). Pengaruh profesionalisme terhadap prestasi kerja, kepuasan kerja, komitmen organisasi dan keinginan berpindah: Studi empiris pada akuntan publik di Semarang. Majalah Ilmiah Dian, 7 (2).
http://dinus.ac.id/wbsc/assets/dokumen/majalah/Pengaruh_Profesionalisme_Terhadap_Prestasi_Kerja,Kepuasan_Kerja,Komitmen_Organisasi,dan_Keinginan_Berpindah_(Studi_Empiris_pada_Akuntan_Publik_di_Semarang).pdf
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Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1007-1022.
Koeswara, E. (1992). Logoterapi: Psikoterapi Viktor Frankl. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Larijani, R. & Besharat, M. A. (2010).Perfectionism and coping styles with stess. Procedia Social andBehavioral Sciences, 5, 623-627.
Lazarus & Folkman. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Luft, J. (1970). Group processes: An introduction to group dynamics.
Luo, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, A., & Quan, S. (2016). The effect of perfectionism on school burnout among adolescence: The mediator of selfesteem and coping style. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 202-208.
Manchester. (1993). Achieving Goals Through Teamwork. United Kingdom: Nicholas Pub Co.
Moeenizadeh, M., & Salagame, K. K. K. (2010). Well-being therapy (WBT) for Depression. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(1), 107-115.
Mofield, E. L., & Ghosh, S. C. (2010). Addressing multidimensional perfectionism in gifted adolescents with affective curriculum. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 33(4), 479-513.
MTD, 2010. Personal Confidence & Motivation. MTD Training & Ventus Publishing ApS.
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Park, H. J. & Jeong, D. Y. (2015). Psychological well-being, life satisfactio, and self-esteem among adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionist, and nonperfectionists. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 165-170.
Parker, W. D. (1997). An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children. American Educational Research Journal, 34, 545-562.
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Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4).719-727.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach tp psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(13), 13-39.
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Schuler, P. A. (2000). Perfectionism and gifted adolescents. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 11(4), 183-196.
Schmutte, P. S., & Ryff, C. D. (1997). Personality and well-being: Reexamining methods and meanings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(3), 549-559).
Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Authentic Happiness: Menciptakan Kebahagiaan dengan Psikologi Positif. Bandung: Mizan.
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Bachtiar, A. (2004). Manajemen Sukses. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Saujana.
Bastaman, H. D. (2007). Logoterapi: Psikologi untuk menemukan makna hidup dan meraih hidup bermakna. Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Persada.
Bekes, V., Dunkley D. M., Taylor, G., Zuroff, D. C., Foley, J. E., Myhr, G., & Westreich, R. (2015). Chronic stress and attenuated improvement in depression over 1 year: The moderating role of perfectionism. Behavior Therapy, 46, 478-492.
Black, J., & Reynolds, W. M. (2013).Examining the relationship of perfectionism, depression, and optimism: Testing for mediation and moderation. Personality and Individual Differences, 54, 426-431.
Boere, C. G. (2010). Personality Theories: Melacak Kepribadian Anda Bersama Psikolog Dunia. Yogyakarta: Primasophie.
Capan, B. E. (2010). Relationship among perfectionism, academic procrastination and life satisfaction ofuniversity students. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences,5, 1665-1671.
CAPS. (2011). Learn to Manage Perfectionism. The University of Sydney: University Publishing Service.
Carr, A. (2004). Positive Psychology: The Science of Happiness and Human Strengths. New York: Brunner-Routledge.
Carver, C. S., Scheir, M. F., & Wientraub, J. K. (1989). Assessing coping strategies: A theoritically based approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56 (2), 267-283.
Chan, D. W. (2008). Perfectionism and striving for excellence. Educational Research Jornal, 23(1).
Chang, E. C., Banks, K. H.,& Watkins, A. F.(2004). How adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism relate to positive and negative psychological functioning: Testing a stress-mediation model in black and white female college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology.http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/psych_scholarship/1
Chang, E. C. (2006). Perfectionism and dimensions of psychological well-being in a college student sample: A test of a stress mediation model. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 25, 1001-1022.
Chang, E., Lee A. Byeon, E., Seong, H., & Lee, S. M. (2016).The mediating effect of motivational types in the relationship between perfectionism and academic burnout. Personality and Individual Differences, 89, 202-210.
Cheng, P., Dolsen, M., Girz, L., Rudowski, M., Chang, E., & Deldin, P. (2015). Understanding perfectionism anda depression in an adult clinical population: Is outcome expectancy relevant to psychological functioning?. Personality and Individual Differences,75, 64-67.
Christie, Y. (2008). Perbedaan psychological well-being pada wanita lajang ditinjau dari tipe wanita lajang. Skripsi, tidak diterbitkan, Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Surabaya, Surabaya.
Covey, S. R. (1997). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara.
Cresswell, J. W. (2007). Qualtitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (Ed.2). United States: Sage Publication, Inc.
Dillard, J. M. (1985). Life Long Career Planning. Ohio: Charles E. Merril Publishing Co.
Dunkley, D. M., & Blankstein, K. R. (2000). Self-critical perfectionism, coping, hassles, and current distress: A structural equation modeling approach. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 24, 713-730.
Fava, G. A., & Ruini, C. (2003). Development and characteristics of well-being enhancing psychoterapeutic strategy: Well-being therapy. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 34, 45-63.
Flett, G. L., Blankstein, K. R., & Hewitt, P. L. (2009). Perfectionism, performance, and state positive affect and negative affect after a classroom test. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 24, 4-18.
Flett, G., L., Blankstein, K. R., Hewitt, P. L., & Koledin, S. (1992). Components of perfectionism and procrastination in college students. Social Behavior and Personality, 20(2), 85-94).
Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2002). Perfectionism. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Frost, R.O., Marten, P., Lahart, C., & Rosenblate, R. (1990).The dimensions of perfectionism. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 14(5), 449-468.
Gould, J. (2012). Overcoming Perfectionism. Jenny Gould & Ventus Publishing ApS.
Gunawinata, V. A. R., Nanik, & Lasmono, H. K. (2008). Perfeksionisme, prokrastinasi akademik, dan penyelesaian skripsi mahasiswa. Anima, Indonesian Psychological Journal, 23(3), 256-276.
Hamachek, D. E., (1978). Psychodinamics of normal and neurotic perfectionism. Psychology, 15, 27-33.
Hanchon, T. A.(2010). The relations between perfectionism and achievement goals. Personality and Individual Differences, 49, 885-890.
Helmi, A. F. (1995). Konsep dan teknik pengenalan diri. Buletin Psikologi, 3 (2).
Hernawati, R. I. (2008). Pengaruh profesionalisme terhadap prestasi kerja, kepuasan kerja, komitmen organisasi dan keinginan berpindah: Studi empiris pada akuntan publik di Semarang. Majalah Ilmiah Dian, 7 (2).
http://dinus.ac.id/wbsc/assets/dokumen/majalah/Pengaruh_Profesionalisme_Terhadap_Prestasi_Kerja,Kepuasan_Kerja,Komitmen_Organisasi,dan_Keinginan_Berpindah_(Studi_Empiris_pada_Akuntan_Publik_di_Semarang).pdf
Imai, Masaaki. (1986). Kaizen: The Key to Japan’s Competitive Success. United States: McGraw Hill.
Irene, L. (2013). Perbedaan tingkat kemandirian dan penyesuaian diri mahasiswa perantauan suku Batak ditinjau dari jenis kelamin. Jurnal Psikologi, 1. Surabaya: Universitas Surabaya.
Jadidi, F., Mohammadkhani, S., & Tajrishi, K. Z. (2011). Perfectionism and academic procastination. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 534-537.
Keliat, B. A. (1999). Penatalaksanaan Stres. Jakarta: EGC.
Keyes, C. L. M., Shmotkin, D., & Ryff, C. D. (2002). Optimizing well-being: The empirical encounter of two traditions. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 83(6), 1007-1022.
Koeswara, E. (1992). Logoterapi: Psikoterapi Viktor Frankl. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Larijani, R. & Besharat, M. A. (2010).Perfectionism and coping styles with stess. Procedia Social andBehavioral Sciences, 5, 623-627.
Lazarus & Folkman. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Luft, J. (1970). Group processes: An introduction to group dynamics.
Luo, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Chen, A., & Quan, S. (2016). The effect of perfectionism on school burnout among adolescence: The mediator of selfesteem and coping style. Personality and Individual Differences, 88, 202-208.
Manchester. (1993). Achieving Goals Through Teamwork. United Kingdom: Nicholas Pub Co.
Moeenizadeh, M., & Salagame, K. K. K. (2010). Well-being therapy (WBT) for Depression. International Journal of Psychological Studies, 2(1), 107-115.
Mofield, E. L., & Ghosh, S. C. (2010). Addressing multidimensional perfectionism in gifted adolescents with affective curriculum. Journal for the Education of the Gifted, 33(4), 479-513.
MTD, 2010. Personal Confidence & Motivation. MTD Training & Ventus Publishing ApS.
Muhammad, S. (2013). Manajemen Strategik: Konsep dan Alat Analisis. Yogyakarta: UPP STIM YPN.
Muslim, B. (2012). Efektivitas Penggunaan Modul Pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dalam Upaya Pencapaian Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas IX SMP Negeri 4 Kalasan. Skripsi, tidak diterbitkan, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta.
Nugent, S. A. (2000). Perfectionism: Its manifestations and classroom-based intervention. The Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 9(4), 215-221.
Park, H. J. & Jeong, D. Y. (2015). Psychological well-being, life satisfactio, and self-esteem among adaptive perfectionists, maladaptive perfectionist, and nonperfectionists. Personality and Individual Differences, 72, 165-170.
Parker, W. D. (1997). An empirical typology of perfectionism in academically talented children. American Educational Research Journal, 34, 545-562.
Poerwandari, K. (2007). Pendekatan Kualitatif untuk Penelitian Perilaku Manusia. Jakarta: Lembaga Pengembangan Sarana Pengukuran dan Pendidikan Psikologi Fakultas Psikologi Univeritas Indonesia.
Rhéaume, J., Freeston, M. H., Ladouceur, R., Bouchard, C., Gallant, L., & Talbot, F.(2000). Functional and dysfunctional perfectionists: Are they different oncompulsive-like behaviors?. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38, 119-128.
Russell, J.D. (1973). Modular Instruction : A Guide to the Design, Selection, utilization and Evaluation of Modular Materials. Minnesota: Burgess Publishing Comp.
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). To be happy or to be self‐fulfilled: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well‐being. Annual Review of Psychology , 52, 141-166.
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069-1081.
Ryff, C. D., & Keyes, C. L. M. (1995). The structure of psychological well-being revisited. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 69(4).719-727.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach tp psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(13), 13-39.
Sandmeyer, L. (2009). Menciptakan budaya untuk inovasi dan Peningkatan. Pembelajaran Inovasi Wawasan, 22. The Pennysylvania Sate University. http://www.psu.edu/president/pia/innovation/
Schneiders, A. A. (1955). Personal Adjustment and Mental Health. United States:
Schuler, P. A. (1999). Voices of perfectionism: perfectionistic gifted adolescents a rural middle school. (research monograph 99140). Storrs, CT: University of Connecticut, The National Reasearch Center on the Gifted and Talented.
Schuler, P. A. (2000). Perfectionism and gifted adolescents. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 11(4), 183-196.
Schmutte, P. S., & Ryff, C. D. (1997). Personality and well-being: Reexamining methods and meanings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 73(3), 549-559).
Seligman, M. E. P. (2005). Authentic Happiness: Menciptakan Kebahagiaan dengan Psikologi Positif. Bandung: Mizan.
Shafran, R., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (2002). Clinical perfectionism: A cognitive behavioral analysis. Behavior Reseaarch and Therapy, 40, 773-791.
Sharf. R. S. (2000). Theories of Psychotherapy & Counseling: Concepts and Cases. USA: Brooks/Cole
Sharp, T. J. (2010). I’m Happy: 100 Cara Bahagia bagi Orang Sibuk. Depok: Raih Asa Sukses.
Silverman, L. K. (1999). Perfectionism: The crubicle of giftedness. Advanced Development, 8, 47-61.
Steinberg, L. (1995). Adolescene. Sanfancisco: McGraw-Hill Inc.
Stoeber, J., & Otto, K. (2006). Possitive conceptions of perfectionism: Approaches, evidence, challenges. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 10, 295-319.
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Published
2017-09-01
Section
Bidang Magister Psikologi (MPSI)
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