Peran Indonesia dalam Implementasi Prinsip Responsibility to Protect dan Non-Refoulement dalam Krisis Kemanusiaan Etnis Rohingya
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Abstract
The humanitarian crisis experienced by the Rohingya ethnic group in Myanmar has raised a dilemma in the international legal order, between the principle of state sovereignty and international obligations to protect human rights. This article aims to analyze Indonesia's contribution to the implementation of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P) and non-refoulement principles as two main norms in modern international law, especially in the context of handling Rohingya refugees. With a normative legal approach and literature study of international legal documents, UN reports, and Indonesian foreign policy, this study shows that although Indonesia is not a state party to the 1951 Convention, its practices show the application of the principle of non-refoulement as part of jus cogens. Within the R2P framework, Indonesia plays a role through multilateral diplomacy in ASEAN and the United Nations, as well as initiatives such as Formula 4+1. However, the limitations of the UNSC in acting due to political vetoes and ASEAN's principle of non-intervention are the main obstacles to the collective implementation of R2P. This article concludes that Indonesia's success as a regional actor in this crisis requires a proactive diplomatic strategy, encouraging reform in the UNSC, and consistency in making humanitarian values a priority over political interests. It is hoped that these findings can provide academic contributions to the study of international law and the role of Indonesian diplomacy in handling contemporary humanitarian crises.
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