PENGEMBANGAN MODEL RUASP - GRASP METAHEURISTICS DENGAN MEMPERTIMBANGKAN TIME WINDOW: STUDI KASUS BENCANA LETUSAN GUNUNG SEMERU DI JAWA TIMUR
Abstract
Abstrak - Indonesia sangat rawan terhadap bencana gunung meletus. Mengingat hal tersebut, Indonesia perlu untuk melakukan manajemen bencana yang baik. Salah satu fase yang cukup krusial adalah fase tanggap darurat, khususnya ketika kegiatan evakuasi. Pengalokasian dan penjadwalan tim penyelamat yang tepat diperlukan untuk meminimalisir waktu evakuasi dengan harapan bisa menyelamatkan korban jiwa sebanyak mungkin. Untuk itu, digunakan model optimasi RUASP (Rescue Unit Assignment and Scheduling Problem) sebagai model awal. Model ini memiliki fungsi tujuan untuk meminimumkan completion time. Namun, model ini belum mempertimbangkan kurun waktu yang aman bagi tim penyelamat saat sedang bertugas. Faktor alam, keterbatasan fisik, dan keterbatasan alat menjadi penyebabnya. Oleh karena itu, dalam pengembangan model ditambahkan batasan terkait time window dan penyesuaian terhadap langkahlangkah GRASP Metaheuristics. Model dikerjakan dengan menggunakan software MATLAB R2009a sebanyak 300 iterasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan perbedaan completion time sebesar 6,25% lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan model awal dengan waktu komputasi selama 12,56 detik. Sedangkan, hasil analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa fungsi tujuan tidak sensitif terhadap perubahan waktu operasional tim, namun sensitif terhadap perubahan kapabilitas tim. Selain itu, didapati temuan lain pula yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai kapabilitas tim ternyata sangat mempengaruhi keseimbangan beban kerja tim.
Kata kunci: disaster, humanitarian logistics, penjadwalan dan pengalokasian tim penyelamat, GRASP Metaheuristics, time window.
Abstract - Indonesia is very vulnerable to the volcano eruption. Given this, Indonesia needs to do a good disaster management. One of the most crucial phases is the emergency response period, especially evacuation activitiy. The proper allocation and scheduling of rescue teams is needed to minimize evacuation time with expectation of saving as many lives as possible. For that purpose, RUASP (Rescue Unit Assignment and Scheduling Problem) model is used as the initial model. This model has an objective function to minimize completion time. However, this model has not considered a safe period for rescue teams while on duty. Natural factors, physical limitations, and device limitations are the causes. Therefore, in the model development, time window constraint is added and there are few adjustments to its GRASP Metaheuristics steps. The model is done by using MATLAB R2009a with 300 iterations. The test results show completion time 6.25% faster than the initial model with computation time of 12.56 seconds. Meanwhile, sensitivity analysis results indicate that objective function is not sensitive to changes in team operational time, but sensitive to changes in team capability. In addition, other findings also show that team's capability was greatly affect the balance of workload team.
Keywords: disaster, humanitarian logistics, scheduling dan allocating rescue team, GRASP Metaheuristics, time window
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References
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