PERAN GAYA BERPIKIR AKTIF TERBUKA (ACTIVELY OPENMINDED THINKING) DALAM MEMPREDIKSI KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH SECARA REFLEKTIF
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Abstract
Abstrak Dengan kemajuan teknologi dan informasi, terkadang kebenaran berita maupun informasi tersebut belum dapat diketahui namun sudah dipercaya oleh masyarakat. Tak jarang masyarakat tertipu dengan hal tersebut dan bahkan dapat merugikannya. Maka dari itu peningkatan kemampuan sumber daya manusia diperlukan untuk beradaptasi dalam era globalisasi tersebut, termasuk dalam kemampuan berpikir kritis yang reflektif. Secara teoretis, kemampuan berpikir kritis dilandasi oleh sifat atau disposisi tertentu, seperti gaya berpikir yang aktif dan terbuka (Stanovich, 2014). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kaitan antara gaya berpikir aktif terbuka dan kemampuan pemecahan masalah secara reflektif. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari sebuah survei menggunakan angket yang berisi skala AOT (Actively Open-Minded Thinking) dan adaptasi CRT (Cognitive Reflection Test) untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kritis dalam bentuk pemecahan masalah secara reflektif. Partisipan penelitian ini adalah 416 mahasiswa angkatan 2015 dan 2017 Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Surabaya. Uji korelasi non-parametrik (Spearman) menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif namun lemah antara gaya berpikir aktif terbuka dan kemampuan berpikir kriris yang reflektif (r=0,133; p= 0,003). Penelitian ini mendiskusikan beberapa kemungkinan lemahnya korelasi ini, termasuk kemungkinan terkait reliabilitas instrumen serta tingkat kesulitan yang kurang sesuai dengan kemampuan partisipan. Saran untuk penelitian selanjutnya adalah agar melakukan kontrol pada bias sosial di alat ukur skala AOT dan penyesuaian jenis dan tingkat kesulitan tes berpikir kritis.
Kata kunci: berpikir kritis, gaya berpikir aktif terbuka, Skala AOT, CRT, mahasiswa.
Abstract The improvement of technology and information, sometimes the truth of the news and information hasn’t been known but already trusted in society. Not rarely society have been tricked by it and even can be disadvantageous. Therefore, the improvement of human resource capacity is needed to adapt in the globalization, including in the ability of reflective critical thinking. Theoretically, the ability to think critically based on certain traits or dispositions, such as an actively openminded thinking (Stanovich, 2014). This study aims to determine the relationship between actively open-minded thinking disposition and problem-solving reflectively abilities. This research data was obtained from a survey using an AOT (Actively Open-Minded Thinking) Scale and adaptation CRT (Cognitive Reflection Test) to measure critical thinking skills in the form of problem-solving reflectively. Participants of this study were 416 students of 2015 and 2017 Faculty of Psychology, University of Surabaya. Non-parametric correlation test (Spearman) showed a positive but weak relationship between open-minded thinking and problem-solving reflectively (r = 0,133; p = 0,003). This research discusses some of the possible weaknesses of this correlation, including possibilities related to instrument reliability and difficulty levels that are less appropriate to the participants abilities. The suggestion for further research is to control the social bias in the AOT scale and adjust the type and level of difficulty of critical thinking test.
Keyword: Critical Thinking, Open Minded Thinking Disposition, AOT Scale, CRT, Collage Students.
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