HUBUNGAN ANTARA RIGHT-WING AUTHORITARIANISM DAN SOCIAL DOMINANCE ORIENTATION DENGAN PRASANGKA ETNIS PADA MAHASISWA DI UNIVERSITAS SURABAYA
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Abstract
Universitas Surabaya merupakan kampus multikultural. Dalam lingkungan kampus multikultural selalu terjadi interaksi intergroup. Selama interaksi tersebut, ada individu-individu yang mengalami culture shock karena, untuk pertama kalinya, mereka berhadapan dengan situasi sosial-budaya yang berbeda dengan situasi yang biasa mereka hadapi selama ini (Oberg, 1960). Beberapa mahasiswa di Universitas Surabaya mengalami culture learning, coping & adjusment, dan social identification, yang merupakan tanda dari adanya culture shock (Ward, Bochner, & Furnham, 2005). Dalam proses tersebut, intergroup-bias berpotensi untuk memunculkan intergroup-conflict (Oakes, 2003). Menurut Allport (1954), sumber dari intergroup-bias adalah prasangka. Penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa prasangka, paling banyak, dipengaruhi oleh variabel right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) dan social dominance orientation (SDO), oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan hubungan antara RWA dan SDO dengan prasangka etnis pada mahasiswa di Universitas Surabaya. Mahasiswa yang berpartisipasi dalam penelitian survey ini berjumlah 220 orang. Hasil penelitian menemukan adanya hubungan antara RWA, SDO, dan prasangka etnis, dengan RWA yang memberikan sumbangan efektif lebih besar dibandingkan SDO dalam memprediksi prasangka etnis (rRWA=0,760; rSDO=0,559; F=154,88; βRWA=0,679; βSDO=0,129; p<0,001). Adanya pengaruh keluarga dan keyakinan egaliter pada sampel penelitian, serta—secara teoritis, adanya kontribusi dari institutional support dan self-regulation diasumsikan sebagai variabel-variabel yang mempengaruhi hasil tersebut.
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