Minireview: Formulasi Obat Kumur Ekstrak Daun Ketul (Bidens pilosa)
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Abstract
Abstract— Ketul (Bidens pilosa L) is weed plant that has antibacterial properties. The potential of this plant has not been developed yet in Indonesia. We conducted a literature study about this plant use for herbal mouthwash. The purposes of this study were to determine components of Ketul leaf with antibacterial activity, to know the extraction solvent, to determine the method for antibacterial activity, and to predict the characteristics and components of herbal mouthwash formula. The results showed that Ketul leaf contains tannins, cardiac glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids which could inhibit the growth of various bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans. Hence the mouthwash is predicted to have antibacterial activity. The safe extraction solvent widely used was 70-80% ethanol. The Ketul leaf extract has the potential to be applied in herbal mouthwash formula. Other characteristic can be adjusted to meet the requirements as herbal mouthwash, which are pH between 5-7, the viscosity value near water viscosity value (1cP), stable during storage, and color is brownish yellow. Some common additives were added in mouthwash to improve the flavors and taste, such as sorbitol, tween-80, peppermint oil, and sodium benzoate.
Keywords: antibacterial activity, solvent, Streptococcus mutans, weed
Abstrak— Ketul (Bidens pilosa L) merupakan tumbuhan gulma yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Potensi tumbuhan ini belum banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia. Pada tulisan ini telah dilakukan kajian pustaka pemanfaatan Ketul untuk obat kumur herbal. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komponen ekstrak daun Ketul yang berkhasiat antibakteri, mengetahui pelarut ekstraksi, metode penentuan aktivitas antibakteri obat kumur, dan prediksi karakteristik dan komponen obat kumur herbal daun Ketul. Hasil penelusuran pustaka menunjukkan bahwa daun Ketul mengandung tannin, glikosida jantung, saponin, alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid, yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan berbagai bakteri, termasuk Streptococcus mutans sehingga obat kumur kemungkinan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Pelarut aman yang banyak digunakan untuk ekstraksi komponen fitokimia tersebut adalah etanol 70-80%. Penentuan daya antibakteri dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi agar atau pengenceran. Ekstrak daun Ketul berpotensi digunakan dalam formula obat kumur herbal. Selain potensi antibakterinya, karakteristik lainnya dapat diatur untuk memenuhi syarat formula obat kumur herbal yaitu pH berkisar 5-7, nilai viskositas mendekati nilai viskositas air (1cP), stabilitas dapat tetap terjaga selama penyimpanan dan kemungkinan obat kumur berwarna kuning kecoklatan. Beberapa bahan tambahan, seperti sorbitol, tween-80, peppermint oil, dan natrium benzoate, merupakan bahan tambahan yang aman dan umum digunakan untuk menambah cita rasa dan stabilitas formula obat kumur herbal ekstrak daun Ketul.
Kata kunci: aktivitas antibakteri, gulma, pelarut, Streptococcus mutans
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