INTEPRETASI PENGADAAN GARAM DI INDONESIA
Abstract
Intisari - Garam sebagai komoditas kebutuhan sehari-hari terdapat hambatan dalam produksinya, yaitu; produksi yang bergantung pada sinar matahari dan kualitas campuran garam mutu rendah. Untuk itu, perlu peningkatan mutu dan produktivitas komoditi garam. Indonesia seharusnya dapat mengoptimalkan produksi garam selaku pemilik garis pantai terpanjang kedua di dunia. Minimnya teknologi petani dalam produksi garam, permodalan petani yang rendah, pengetahuan petani yang kurang, akses pasar dan manajemen pemasaran petani dikuasai tengkulak merupakan hambatan dalam pergaraman Indonesia.
Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder serta berupaya mendeskripsikan dan menginterpretasi karena menganalisis secara keekonomian masalah interpretasi garam di Indonesia yang acapkali megalami ketidakseimbangan antara konsumsi dengan produksi garam, dengan menggunakan teknik wawancara mendalam kepada PT. Garam (Persero), dan sampel penelitian petani garam yang berada di kabupaten Gresik dan pedagang garam di pasar soponyono, kota Surabaya dan kota Sumenep.
Teknologi produksi PT. Garam (Persero) dan petani garam yang masih tradisional dan sangat bergantung pada cuaca panas menjadikan garam Indonesia bermutu rendah dengan produktivitas 60-70 ton per hektare per tahun. Teknologi semi- intensif, penggunaan geomembrane pada meja kristalisasi sehingga penguapan lebih cepat dan menghasilkan garam lebih bagus dengan produktivitas 120-125 ton per hektare per tahun. Harga garam ditingkat petani garam yang cenderung semakin menurun dikala panen raya mencerminkan tidak adanya stabilitas harga minimal garam rakyat yang menyebabkan kesejahteraan petani hilang serta importasi garam yang selaludilakukan setiap tahun mencerminkan ketidakmampuan pemerintah dalam mengartikan peranan komoditas garam.
Kata Kunci: Garam, Indonesia, Kebijakan
Abstract - Salt as a commodity of daily necessities there are barriers in its production, namely; sun-dependent production and low quality salt blend quality. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality and productivity of salt commodity. Indonesia should be able to optimize the production of salt as the second longest shorelines owner in the world. The lack of farmers 'technology in salt production, low farming capital, poor farmers' knowledge, market access and marketing management of farmers under the middleman are the obstacles to Indonesia's salt field.
This study uses primary and secondary data and attempts to describe and interpret as analyzing economically the problem of salt phenomenon in Indonesia which often experienced an imbalance between consumption with salt production, by using in-depth interview technique to PT. Salt (Persero), and salt farmer research sample located in Gresik regency and salt traders in soponyono market, Surabaya city and Sumenep city.
Traditional production technology of PT. Garam (Persero) and farmers of salt which is heavily dependent on hot weather make Indonesia's salt quality low with productivity of 60-70 tons per hectare per year. Semi-intensive technology, the use of geomembrane on the table crystallization so that faster evaporation and produce better salts with productivity of 120-125 tons per hectare per year. Salt prices at the level of salt farmers who tend to decrease during the harvest reflects the absence of minimum price stability of people's salt that causes the welfare of farmers lost and salt imports are always done every year reflects the inability of the government in deciphering the role of salt commodities.
Keywords: Salt, Indonesia, Policy
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References
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