Penetapan Kadar Fenolik Total dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Fraksi dari Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cempedak (Artocarpus integer) dengan Metode DPPH
Abstract
Daun cempedak (Artocarpus integer) dimanfaatkan secara tradisional oleh masyarakat Kalimantan Selatan dalam pengobatan. Golongan fenolik terkandung dalam ekstrak daun cempedak dan memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan. Fraksi dari ekstrak daun cempedak belum pernah ditetapkan kadar fenolik total dan akivitas antioksidannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui fraksi dari ekstrak daun cempedak yang mengandung kadar fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi. Penelitian dimulai dengan pengeringan daun segar menggunakan lemari pengering, pembuatan serbuk simplisia, proses ekstraksi secara maserasi, pengeringan ekstrak dengan lemari pengering, dan proses fraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat dan aquadest. Penetapan kadar fenolik total dapat dilakukan dengan reagen Folin-Ciocalteu dan menggunakan baku pembanding asam galat. Aktivitas antioksidan dilakukan menggunakan metode DPPH berdasarkan nilai IC50 dan dengan pembanding kuersetin. Kadar fenolik total pada fraksi n-heksan 9,352 ± 0,113% b/b, fraksi etil asetat 12,595 ± 0,415% b/b, dan fraksi aquadest 9,992 ± 0,485% b/b ekivalen asam galat. Fraksi n-heksan, etil asetat, dan aquadest masing-masing memiliki nilai IC50 sebesar 89,192 ± 2,91 bpj (kuat), 64,754 ± 2,803 bpj (kuat), dan 82,247 ± 23,034 bpj (kuat). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki kadar fenolik total tertinggi dan aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat dibandingkan fraksi n-heksan dan fraksi aquadest dari ekstrak daun cempedak.
Cempedak (Artocarpus integer) leaves are traditionally used by people in South Kalimantan as medicine. The phenolic group contained in cempedak leaf extract has known as an antioxidant. The fraction of cempedak leaf extract has never been determined for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. This study aimed to determine the fraction of cempedak leaf extract that contains the highest levels of phenolic and antioxidant activity. The study started with drying of fresh leaves using a drying cabinet, simplicia powder preparation, maceration extraction, extract drying, and fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aquadest as solvents. Determination of total phenolic content was obtained with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and gallic acid as a standard for comparison. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH method based on the IC50 value and comparison with quercetin. The total phenolic content of the n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aquadest fraction were 9.352 ± 0.113% w/w, ethyl acetate fraction 12.595 ± 0.415% w/w, and aquadest fraction 9.992 ± 0.485% w/w equivalent gallic acid, respectively. The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and aquadest fractions showed IC50 values of 89.192 ± 2.91 ppm (strong), 64.754 ± 2.803 ppm (strong), and 82.247 ± 23.034 ppm (strong), respectively. The conclusion of this study was that the ethyl acetate fraction had highest total phenolic content and strongest antioxidant activity compared to n-hexane and aquadest fraction from cempedak leaf extract.
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