Perbandingan Metode Isolasi Kitosan dari Cangkang Kreca (Bellamya javanica)
Abstract
Gastropoda termasuk salah satu kelompok hewan yang memiliki jumlah terbesar dalam dunia hewan dengan jenis yang umum dikenal adalah siput, kerang, dan cumi-cumi. Limbah cangkang merupakan masalah yang harus segera diatasi karena memiliki dampak yang buruk pada makhluk hidup, seperti terjadinya pencemaran tanah dan air. Limbah organik dari cangkang juga dapat mempengaruhi kualitas udara jika terjadi pembusukan dan dapat menimbulkan penyakit ISPA (Infeksi Saluran Pernafasan Atas). Kreca (Bellamya javanica) merupakan salah satu hewan Mollusca yang hidup bebas di daerah persawahan dan dapat dikonsumsi masyarakat. Cangkang kreca mengandung kitin, mineral, kalsium dan protein, sehingga limbah cangkangnya memiliki potensi untuk diolah dan dikembangkan menjadi suatu produk bernilai ekonomi tinggi salah satunya sebagai sumber kitin- kitosan. Kitosan merupakan salah satu turunan dari senyawa kitin diperoleh melalui proses demineralisasi, deproteinasi dan deasetilasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan penggunaan refluksdan magnetic stirrer pada proses isolasi kitosan tahap deasetilasi terhadap persentase rendemen dan derajat deasetilasi kitosan yang dihasilkan. Pada penggunaan refluks didapatkan nilai rendemen yang lebih besar yaitu 10,819% daripada magnetic stirrer. Hasil analisis FTIR dari kitosan yang dihasilkan dari penggunaan refluks dan magnetic stirrer didapatkan beberapa gugus fungsi yaitu gugus OH, CH, CO Amida, CH2 dan COC, dengan nilai derajat deasetilasi pada penggunaan refluks sebesar 38,6% dan 47,8% pada penggunaan magnetic stirrer, sehingga disimpulkan penggunaan magnetic stirrer lebih baik daripada refluks dilihat dari nilai derajat deasetilasinya.
Gastropods are among the largest groups of animals in the animal kingdom, with commonly known types being snails, clams, and squid. Shell waste is a problem that needs to be addressed immediately because it has a detrimental impact on living beings, such as causing soil and water pollution. Organic waste from shells can also affect air quality if it decomposes and can cause respiratory infections. Kreca (Bellamya javanica) is one type of mollusk that lives freely in paddy fields and can be consumed by the community. Kreca shells contain chitin, minerals, calcium, and protein, so the shell waste has the potential to be processed and developed into a high-economic-value product, one of which is as a source of chitin-chitosan. Chitosan is a derivative of the chitin compound obtained through the processes of demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. This study aims to determine the effect of using reflux and a magnetic stirrer in the chitosan isolation process at the deacetylation stage on the percentage yield and the degree of deacetylation of the resulting chitosan. Using reflux resulted in a higher yield value of 10.819% compared to the magnetic stirrer. The FTIR analysis results of the chitosan obtained from using reflux and magnetic stirrer showed several functional groups: OH, CH, CO Amide, CH2, and COC, with the degree of deacetylation using reflux being 38.6% and 47.8% using the magnetic stirrer. Therefore, it is concluded that using a magnetic stirrer is better than reflux in terms of the degree of deacetylation.
Submitted: 28-03-2024, Revised: 02-10-2024, Accepted: 29-10-2024, Published regularly: December 2024
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