Profil Resistensi Isolat Klebsiella pneumoniae, Haemophilus sp. dan Streptococcus viridans dari Sputum Pasien ISPA terhadap Amoksisilin

Abstract

Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) merupakan radang akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi mikroorganisme dengan angka kejadian cukup tinggi di Indonesia. Sebanyak total 49 bakteri yang terdiri dari 13 isolat Klebsiella pneumoniae, 18 isolat Haemophilus sp., dan 18 isolat Streptococcus viridans koleksi laboratorium setempat diperoleh dari sputum pasien ISPA di berbagai puskesmas di Kota Surabaya selama bulan Desember 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui resistensi dari 49 koleksi isolat tersebut terhadap amoksisilin. Pengujian dilakukan untuk memperoleh MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) amoksisilin menggunakan metode agar dilution pada media Mueller Hinton Agar. Nilai MIC kemudian dibandingkan dengan MIC breakpoints pada Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) dan European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 61,54% (8/13) isolat Klebsiella pneumoniae, 100% (18/18) isolat Haemophilus sp., dan 11,11% (2/18) isolat Streptococcus viridans resisten terhadap amoksisilin. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan perlunya rekomendasi antibiotik alternatif sebagai pengganti amoksisilin untuk pengobatan ISPA.

Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is an acute inflammation caused by microorganism infection with a high incidence in Indonesia. The local microbiology laboratory had successfully collected 49 bacterial isolates from the ARI patient's sputum in various Public Health Centers in Surabaya, Indonesia during December 2022. The isolates consisted of 13 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, 18 isolates of Haemophilus sp., and 18 isolates of Streptococcus viridans. This study aimed to determine the resistance of the 49 isolates to amoxicillin. Testing was carried out to obtain the MIC (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of amoxicillin using the agar dilution method on Mueller Hinton Agar media. The MIC value was then compared with the MIC breakpoints at the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). The results showed that 61.54% (8/13) of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, 100% (18/18) of Haemophilus sp. isolates, and 11.11% (2/18) of Streptococcus viridans isolates were resistant to amoxicillin. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is necessary to recommend alternative antibiotics as a substitute for amoxicillin for the treatment of ARI.