Efek Samping Agranulositosis Imbas Metamizole: Kajian Pustaka

Abstract

Agranulositosis merupakan kondisi yang jarang terjadi, namun dapat berpotensi fatal dan menyebabkan kematian apabila tidak ditindaklanjuti secara tepat dan cepat. Insidensi agranulositosis yaitu 6,2 juta kasus/penduduk/tahun. Agranulositosis imbas obat dapat disebabkan oleh analgesik antipiretik metamizole, dimana aksesibilitas metamizole mudah di Indonesia. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk memaparkan kejadian agranulositosis imbas metamizole. Tinjauan pustaka dilakukan dengan pencarian artikel melalui basis data Pubmed dan Google Scholar. Berdasarkan eksplorasi literatur, beberapa faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi kejadian agranulositosis adalah jenis kelamin, usia lanjut, infeksi virus dan durasi penggunaan yang lebih lama. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pertimbangan mengenai manfaat dan risiko penggunaan metamizole.

Agranulocytosis is a rare but potentially fatal condition that can lead to death if not promptly and appropriately managed. The incidence of agranulocytosis is estimated at 6.2 cases per million population per year. Drug-induced agranulocytosis can be triggered by the use of the analgesic and antipyretic agent metamizole, which remains widely accessible in Indonesia. This article aims to present findings related to agranulocytosis induced by metamizole. This literature review was conducted through article searches in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. Based on the reviewed literature, several risk factors influencing the occurrence of agranulocytosis include female gender, older age, viral infections, and prolonged duration of metamizole use. Therefore, careful consideration of the benefits and risks of metamizole use is essential in clinical practice.

Submitted: 24-01-2025, Revised: 19-05-2025, Accepted: 26-05-2025, Published regularly: June 2025