FAKTOR PENYEBAB PERILAKU PENJUALAN DAN PEMBELIAN ANTIBIOTIK TANPA RESEP DOKTER DI APOTEK KOTA SURABAYA
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Abstract
Abstrak - Penjualan dan pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di apotek telah menjadi masalah global. Walaupun demikian, faktor yang dominan menyebabkan perilaku penjualan dan pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor yang dominan mempengaruhi perilaku penjualan dan pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di apotek kota Surabaya. Penentuan faktor dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuesioner. Kuesioner penjualan dan pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek dikembangkan berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang ditemukan dalam studi pustaka. Uji validitas rupa dan uji validitas konten kuesioner dilakukan dengan penilaian expert, sedangkan uji validitas konstruk dilakukan dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Uji reliabilitas kuesioner dilakukan dengan menggunakan nilai Cronbach’s Alpha. Penelitian dilakukan pada 91 pekerja apotek dan 267 pasien di apotek kota Surabaya. Hasil analisis faktor menunjukkan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi penjualan antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek adalah sikap pekerja apotek yang mengizinkan penjualan antibiotik tanpa resep (28,03%) sedangkan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi perilaku pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek adalah faktor kemudahan akses untuk memperoleh antibiotik dan penghematan biaya (23,91%). Disimpulkan bahwa faktor yang paling mempengaruhi perilaku penjualan antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek kota Surabaya adalah sikap pekerja apotek yang mengizinkan perilaku penjualan antibiotik tanpa resep dokter, sedangkan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi perilaku pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di apotek kota Surabaya adalah kemudahan akses untuk memperoleh antibiotik di apotek. Oleh karena itu, perlu dibuat sebuah regulasi yang jelas dan tegas terkait penjualan dan penggunaan antibiotik tanpa resep di apotek. regulasi ini diharapkan dapat mencegah perilaku penjualan maupun pembelian antibiotik tanpa resep dokter di apotek kota Surabaya.
Katakunci: Swamedikasi, antibiotik, apotek, apoteker
Abstract - Antibiotics dispensing without prescription and self-medication at pharmacies has become a global problem. Nevertheless, the dominant factor wich lead into the dispensing and self-medication of antibiotics without prescription is not certain. This study aims to determine the dominant factor influence the dispensing and self-medication with antibiotics without prescription at pharmacies in Surabaya. Determination of factors were calculated using questionnaires. Questionnaires for dispensing and self-medication of antibiotics without a prescription in pharmacies developed based on factors found in the literature. The face validity and content validity of questionnaire was assesed by expert, while the construct validity was performed by Spearman corellation test. Ninety one pharmacy worker and 267 patients from several pharmacies in Surabaya are enrolled in this research. The result of factor analysis showed that pharmacy worker attitude that allowed patients to buy antibiotics without prescriptions have the greatest impact on antibiotics dispensing without prescriptions (28.03%). The Factor which have the greatest impact on antibiotic self-medication behavior are the easy access to obtain antibiotic without prescription and cost saving (23,91%). In conclusion, pharmacy workers attitude that allowed patients to buy antibiotics without prescription is the dominant factors wich lead into antibiotics dispensing without prescription, and dominant factors wich lead into self-medication of antibiotics are easy acces to obtain antibiotics wihout prescription and cost saving. Therefore, it needs to make a specific regulations related to antibiotics use and dispensing without prescription. This regulation is expected to prevent antibiotics self-medication and antibiotics dispensing without prescription, especially in the pharmacies of Surabaya city.
Keywords: Antibiotics, self-medication, pharmacy workers, pharmacy, pharmacist
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