PENGARUH TERAPI RASIONAL EMOTIF TINGKAH LAKU (REBT) DALAM MENGURANGI ACROPHOBIA PADA DEWASA AWAL

Mega Cristhina Nurhayati Marpaung

Mega Cristhina Nurhayati Marpaung Fakultas Psikologi / Universitas Surabaya

Abstract Views: 904 times

PDF - FULL TEXT Downloads: 2033 times

Keywords: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), Acrophobia, Specific Phobia

Abstract

Abstrak - Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh terapi rasional emotif tingkah laku (REBT) untuk mengurangi acrophobia pada dewasa awal. Su bjek pada penelitian ini adalah dua orang laki-laki, individu dewasa awal yang sed ang mengalami acrophobia. Pengambilan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara, Acrophobia Questionnaire (AQ), skala kecemasan, self monitoring, tes psikologi yaitu tes grafis dan 16PF serta angket terbuka. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperi men dengan one group pretest posttest design. Intervensi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ad alah terapi rasional emotif tingkah laku (REBT) yang menggabungkan tiga teknik yaitu kognitif, emotif, dan tingkah laku, sehingga pemikiran-pemikiran irasional subjek diubah menjadi pemikiran yang rasional dan juga mengubah emosi negatif subjek menjadi emosi yang positif dan keduanya akan terlihat dari perilaku yang ditunjukkan subjek. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terapi ra sional emotif tingkah laku (REBT) dapat mengurangi acrophobia pada individu dewasa awal . Hal ter sebut dapat dilihat dari pengukuran tingkat acrophobia dari hasil Acrophobia Questionnaire (AQ) dengan menggunakan uji statistik non-parametrik Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test yang menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan pada subjek 1 dengan ni lai Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0. 027 lebih kecil dari α=0,05 untuk skala kecemasan dan nilai Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.034 lebih kecil dari α=0,05 untuk skala penghindaran. Pada subjek 2 dengan nilai Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.007 lebih kecil dari α=0,05 untuk skala kecemasan dan juga untuk skala penghindaran.

Kata Kunci:Terapi rasional emotif tingkah laku (REBT), Acrophobia, Fobia Spesifik.

Abstract - This research aims to know the effect of Rational Emotive Behavior therapy (REBT) to reduce acrophobia in early adult. The subject is two man, early adult who has acrophobia. The data in this research collected through observation, interview, Acrophobia Questionnaire (AQ), anxiety scale, self-monitoring, psychological test; which is graphic test, and 16 PF, also open questionnaire, The research des ign is quasi experiment with one group pretest posttest design. Intervention in this research is using Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) that combine three technicque; which is cognitive, emotive, and behavi or; so subject’s irrational beliefs can be ch anged into rational beliefs and change subjects’s negative emotion become positive emotion and both will appear in subject’s behavior Result shows that R ational Emotive Behavior therapy (REBT) able to decrease acrophobia in early adult individu. This can b e seen in the measurement of acrophobia scale with Acrophobia Questionnaire (AQ), using non-parametric Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test, that decrease significantly in Subjek 1 with Asymp. Sig. (2-talied) = 0.027 for anxiety scale and Asymp. Sig. (2-talied) = 0.034 for aviodance scale which means lower than α=0,05In Subjek 2 Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) = 0.007, which means lower than α=0,05 for anxiety and avoidance scale.

Key Word: Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT), Acrophobia, Specific Phobia

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Adler, Jonathan M. & N obles, Robin C. (2011). Recognition Of Irrationality Of Fear And The Diagnosis Of Social Anxiety Disorder And Specific Phobia In Adults: Implications For Criteria Revision In DSM-5. The Successful Treatment of Specific Phobia in a College Counseling Center. Journal of College Student Psychotherapy, 25: 56–66.

APA. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (3rd ed.). Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association.

APA. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. APA. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed. Text Revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Brandt, T., Arnold, F., Bles, W., & Kapteyn, T. S. (1980). The mechanism of physiological height vertigo I. Theoretical approach. Acta Otolaryngol 89, 513–523.

Carlos, M., & Guy, Wallis. (2010). Deconstructing Acrophobia: Physiological And Psychological Precursors To Developing A Fear Of Heights. Depression And Anxiety, 27 : 864–870.

Corsini, R. J., & Wedding, D. (1989). Current psychotherapies (4 ed.). Itasca, IL: F. E. Peacock Publishers, Inc.

Davey, G. C. L., M enzies, R., & Ga llardo, B. (1997). Height phobia and biases in the interpretation of bodily sensations: some links between acrophobia and agora- phobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 35(11): 997–1001.

Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM- IV). (1994). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

Durand, M. V. & Barlow, H. D. (2007). Psikologi Abnormal. Jakarta: Penerbit Pustaka Belajar. Ellis, A., & Grieger, R. (Ed). (1986). RET Handbook of Rational-Emotive Therapy. Vol. 2. New York : Springer Publishing Company.

Ellis, A. (2007). Terapi REBT. Yogyakarta: B-First.

Fontaine, K. L.(2003). Mental healthth nursing, 5 edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education.

Froggatt, W. (2005). The Rational Treatment of Anxiety: An outline for cognitive-behavioural intervention with clinical anxiety disorders. Hastings. Rational Training Resources.

Heather, K. H., & Martin, M. A. (2012). Evidence-Based Assessment and Treatment of Spesific Phobias in Adults. Chapter 2: Departement of Psychology, Ryerson University. Toronto,

Canada.Horney, K. (2008). Karen horney : Neurotic needs and trends. Retrieved March 17, 2014, from http://cengagesites.com/academic/assets/sites/schultz_ch04.pdf

Hofmann, S. G., Alpers, G. W., & Pauli, P. (2009). Phenomenology of panic and phobic disorders. In: Stein MB, Anthony MM (eds) Oxford Handbook of A nxiety and Related Disorders. Oxford Library of Psychology. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 36–46.

Horney, K. (2008). Karen horney: Neurotic needs and trends. Retrieved March 17, 2014, from http://cengagesites.com/academic/assets/sites/schultz_ch04.pdf

Ibrahim, N., Balbed, M. A. M., Yusof, A. M., Salleh, F. H. M., Singh, J., & Shahidan, M. S. (2008). Virtual Reality Approach in Treating Acrophobia: Simulating Height in Virtual Environment. Issue 5, Volume 7.

Juan, M. C., Alcan ̃iz, M., Monserrat, C., Botella C., Ban ̃os, R. M., & Guerrero, B. (2005). Using augmented reality to treat phobias. IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 25(6), 31–37.

Kolassa, I. T., Buchmann, A., Lauche, R., Kolassa, S., Partchev, I., Miltner, W. H., e t al. (2007). Spider phobics more easily see a spider in morphed schematic pictures. Behavioral and Brain Functions, 3, 59–74.

LeBeau, R. T., Glenn, D., Liao, B., Wittchen, H. U., Beesdo-Baum, K., Ollendick, T., & Craske, M. G. (2010). Specific phobia: a review of DSM-IV specific phobia and preliminary recommendations for DSM-V. Depress Anxiety 27: 148–167.

Longley, S. L., Watson, D ., Junior, R. N ., & Yoder, K. (2006). Panic and phobic anxiety: Associations among neuroticism, physiological hyperarousal, anxiety sensitivity, and three phobias. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 20, 718-739.

Maramis, W. F. (1995). Catatan Ilmu Kedokteran Jiwa. Surabaya : Universitas Airlangga Press.

Menzies, R. G., & Clarke, J. C. (1995a). Danger expectancies and insight in acrophobia. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2, 215–221.

Menzies, R. G., & C larke, J. C. (1995b). The etiology of acrophobia and its relationship to severity and individual-response patterns. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(7), 795–803.

Miltenberger, R. G . (2004). Behavior Modification, Principles and Procedures. 3th edition. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thompson Learning.

Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2006). Some methodological issues in assessing attentional biases for threatening faces in a nxiety: A replication study using a modified version of the probe detection task. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 595-604

Nevid, J. S., Rathus, S.A., & Greene, B. (2005). Psikologi abnormal edisi lima jilid satu (Murad, J. Basri, A. S., Ginanjar, A., Poerwandari, E. K., Saraswati, I., Musabia, S., Nurwianti, F., Hutauruk, I. S., Fausiah, F., Oriza, D., Bintari, D. R., Pengalih bhs.). Jakarta: Erlangga.

Palmer, S. (2011). Konseling dan Psikoterapi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Salkovskis, P. M. (1991). The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account. Behavioural Psychotherapy, 19, 6–19.

Van Overveld, W. J. M., de Jong, P. J., Peters, M. L., van Hout, W . J. P. J., & Bouman, T. K. (2008). An internet-based study on the relation between disgust sensitivity and emetophobia. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 524–531.