ANALISIS PENGARUH PDB, KONSUMSI BATUBARA, PMA, URBAN DAN KONSUMSI ENERGI TERHADAP CO2 DI NEGARANEGARA ASEAN 2000-2011
Abstract Views:
284 times
PDF - FULL TEXT Downloads:
440 times
Abstract
Abstract -This study is aims to determine the influence of GDP, the Consumption of Coal, Foreign Direct Investment, Urbanization and Energy Consumption to CO2 in the ASEAN countries from 2000 to 2011. This study uses a quantitative approach using regression model analysis. This study uses a sample of six ASEAN member countries, namely Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and the Philippines for the period 2000-2011. The research finds that there is a positive relation between the GDP, coal consumption, urbanization and energy consumption to CO2 , while foreign direct investment has no relation to CO2 . The result is expected to contribute on SDG achievement. The result contribute to the development of environmental economics as well as the strategy to promote SDG.
Keywords: CO2, GDP, Consumption of Coal, Foreign Direct Investment, Urbanization, Energy Consumption
Downloads
References
Bloch H, Rafiq S, Salim R. (2012). Coal Consumption, CO2 Emission and Economic Growth in China: Empirical Evidence and Policy Responses. Energy Economic;34:518–28
Doytch, N., & Uctum, M. (2012). Globalization and The Environmental Spillover of Sectoral FDI.
Gujarati , N. D. (2003). Basic Econometrics. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
IEA Clean Coal Centre. (2015). World Coal Association. Retrieved september 11, 2016, from world coal association: http://worldcoal.org/upgrading-efficiencyworlds-coal-fleet-reduce-co2-emissionsLi F, D., Li X, Liang Q, & Yang W. (2011). Energy consumption - Economic Growth Relationship and Carbondioxide Emissions in China. Energy Policy, 369:568-74.
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2015, Maret ).
Survei Ekonomi OECD Indonesia. OECD.
Pao, H. T., & C, M. T. (2011). Multivariate Granger Causality Between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) and GDP (Gross Domestic Product) : Evidence From A Panel of BRIC (Brazil, Russian Federation, India and China) Countries. Energy, 36, 685-693.
Tang, V. C., & Govindaraju, V. C. (2012). The dynamic links between CO2 emissions, economic growth and coal. Applied Energy. 310-318.
Todaro.M.P., 2000.Pembangunan Ekonomi di Dunia Ketiga (H.Munandar, Trans. Edisi Ketujuh ed.). Jakarta:Erlangga.
UNDP. (2016). United Nation Development Programme : Sustainable Development Goals. Retrieved September 2016, from UNDP: http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-developmentgoals/
Widarjono, A. (2007). Ekonometrika: Teori dan Aplikasi untuk Ekonomi dan Bisnis. Edisi Kedua . Yogyakarta : Ekonisia Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Islam Indonesia.
World Bank. (2016). Retrieved from web.worldbank.org
World Bank. (2016). CO2 emission per capita. Retrieved June 2016, from http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.CO2E.PC
- Articles published in CALYPTRA are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. You are free to copy, transform, or redistribute articles for any lawful purpose in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the journal, link to the license, indicate if changes were made, and redistribute any derivative work under the same license.
- Copyright on articles is retained by the respective author(s), without restrictions. A non-exclusive license is granted to CALYPTRA to publish the article and identify itself as its original publisher, along with the commercial right to include the article in a hardcopy issue for sale to libraries and individuals.
- By publishing in CALYPTRA, authors grant any third party the right to use their article to the extent provided by the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.
