Inisiasi Bibit Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) melalui Teknik Kultur In vitro
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Abstract
Abstract— Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is one of the Indonesian spices that is not easy to be cultivated outside its natural habitat because it requires lower temperatures for its growth. This research aimed to determine the culture technique of andaliman plants using in vitro tissue culture techniques to solve the difficulties of plant cultivation outside its natural habitat. The explants used are seeds and nodal segments. Using seeds, methods were divided into seeds collection and sterilization and initiation. Methods using nodal segments explants were divided into sample collection, nodal sterilization, initiation, and shoot multiplication. Seed sterilization using 60 °C water which was replaced every six hours had lower contamination rate compared to other methods. Unfortunately, seeds germination and dormancy breaking were not exhibited in this research. Nodal segment sterilization using 0,1% (b/v) mercury chloride (HgCl2) exposed for seven minutes and addition of 100 IU mL-1 nystatin showed fewer contaminations. Multiplication using Murashige-Skoog (MS) media with addition of 1 ppm NAA and 5 ppm BAP (MSN1B5) produced nine shoots and produced callus. Overall, both explant sterilizations were successful, but it was recommended to use nodal segments as the explant due to success in producing andaliman plantlet in vitro.
Keywords: andaliman, HgCl2, nystatin, plant tissue culture, woody plant medium
Abstrak— Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) adalah salah satu rempah Indonesia yang sulit untuk dibudidayakan di luar habitat aslinya karena membutuhkan suhu rendah untuk pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan teknik perbanyakan tanaman andaliman menggunakan teknik kultur jaringan secara in vitro dengan memperhatikan beberapa faktor seperti larutan sterilisasi yang digunakan dan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) yang diberikan. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah biji dan nodus. Metode penelitian dengan eksplan biji meliputi koleksi buah, germinasi, dan inisiasi eksplan. Metode penelitian dengan eksplan nodus dibagi menjadi koleksi bibit, inisiasi nodus, dan multiplikasi nodus. Sterilisasi permukaan biji menggunakan air hangat bersuhu 60 °C yang diganti setiap enam jam memiliki tingkat kontaminasi yang paling rendah dibandingkan dengan metode lainnya, tetapi germinasi dan pemecahan dormansi tidak terjadi pada penelitian ini. Sterilisasi permukaan nodus menggunakan larutan merkuri klorida (HgCl2) 0,1% (b/v) dengan durasi perendaman selama tujuh menit dan 100 IU mL-1 nistatin pada media menunjukkan tingkat kontaminasi yang lebih rendah. Multiplikasi menggunakan media Murashige-Skoog dengan penambahan 1 ppm NAA dan 5 ppm BAP (MSN1B5) menghasilkan organ tunas dalam jumlah yang paling banyak yaitu sebanyak sembilan tunas dan terbentuk kalus. Secara keseluruhan, sterilisasi kedua eksplan berhasil dilakukan, tetapi lebih disarankan menggunakan eksplan nodus karena dapat menghasilkan tunas andaliman secara in vitro.
Kata kunci: andaliman, HgCl2, kultur Jaringan tanaman, nistatin, woody plant medium
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