Analisis Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien Rawat Inap Dengan Metode Defined Daily Dose
Abstract
Antibiotik adalah obat yang digunakan untuk mencegah dan mengobati infeksi bakteri. Penggunaan antibiotik yang kurang tepat dapat memicu resistensi antibiotik yang merupakan masalah terbesar bagi kesehatan manusia. Resistensi antibiotik dapat meningkatkan length of stay (LOS), meningkatkan biaya pengobatan, dan meningkatkan angka mortalitas. Salah satu cara untuk menanggulangi resistensi antibiotik adalah dengan penggunaan antibiotik secara bijak. Metode Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) digunakan untuk menilai kuantitas penggunaan antibiotika. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai DDD dan Drug Utilization (DU) 90% dari antibiotik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan pengambilan data secara retrospektif yang dilakukan pada Januari 2021-Desember 2021 di Rumah Sakit dr. Soedarso Pontianak. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode DDD dan DU 90%. Kriteria inklusi yaitu pasien rawat inap penyakit dalam dengan diagnosa infeksi yang menggunakan antibiotika. Jumlah sampel didapatkan 37 pasien yang selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode ATC/DDD. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai total DDD pemakaian antibiotika adalah 83,3/100 pasien-hari dengan total length of stay (LOS) pasien adalah 215 hari. Antibiotika dengan nilai DDD paling tinggi adalah seftriakson yaitu 42,3/100 pasien-hari. Antibiotika yang masuk ke dalam segmen DU 90% yaitu seftriakson, levofloksasin, dan metronidazol, sehingga harus dipantau penggunaannya karena berpotensi pada risiko resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotika.
Antibiotics are drugs used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Improper use of antibiotics can trigger antibiotic resistance, which is the biggest problem for human health. Antibiotic resistance can increase the length of stay (LOS), increase treatment costs, and increase mortality rates. One way to overcome antibiotic resistance is to use antibiotics wisely. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) method is used to assess the quantity of antibiotic use. The purpose of this study was determining the value of DDD and drug utilization (DU) 90% of antibiotics. This study was a cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection conducted in internal January – December 2021 at Dr. Soedarso Pontianak Hospital, and the data was analyzed using the DDD and DU 90% methods. The inclusion criteria were internal medicine inpatients with a diagnosis of infection treated with antibiotics. The number of samples obtained were 37, which were then analyzed using the ATC/DDD method. The results showed that the total value of DDD for antibiotic use was 83.3/100 patients/day and the total length of stay (LOS) of patients was 215 days. Ceftriaxone, with a DDD of 42.3/100 patient-day, had the highest DDD value. Meanwhile, antibiotics that fall into the 90% DU segment were ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin, so their use must be monitored because of the potential risk of bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
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