Pengaruh Obat Antituberkulosis Kombinasi RHZE Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Asam Urat
Abstract
Tuberkulosis paru merupakan penyakit infeksius yang diakibatkan oleh bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pasien tuberkulosis paru memperoleh pengobatan kombinasi obat antituberkulosis (OAT). Pada pengobatan kategori I, pasien mendapatkan kombinasi RHZE pada tahap intensif selama 2 bulan. Adanya obat pirazinamid (Z) dan etambutol (E) dalam regimen terapi berisiko menyebabkan efek samping berupa peningkatan kadar asam urat di dalam darah. Efek samping tersebut dapat menyebabkan problem medis berupa gout maupun gangguan fungsi ginjal. Oleh karena itu, apoteker harus memantau risiko efek samping OAT pada pasien. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan OAT kombinasi RHZE terhadap kadar asam urat pasien. Penelitian yang dilakukan di Puskesmas Citangkil Kota Cilegon ini merupakan penelitian observasional kohort. Penelitian dilakukan selama bulan April – Juni 2023. Jumlah subjek penelitian yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sebanyak 36 pasien. Pemeriksaan kadar asam urat dilakukan sebelum pasien minum OAT (minggu ke-0) dan minggu ke-4 setelah minum OAT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata kadar asam urat pasien laki-laki pada minggu ke-0 dan minggu ke-4 masing-masing sebesar 5,09 ± 0,9 mg/dL dan 12,02 ± 1,59 mg/dL. Sementara itu, pada pasien perempuan masing-masing sebesar 5,06 ± 0,94 mg/dL dan 11,98 ± 1,69 mg/dL. Hasil uji t berpasangan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan secara statistik terhadap rerata kadar asam urat pada minggu ke-0 dan ke-4 (p < 0,001). Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa penggunaan OAT RHZE pada pasien tuberkulosis paru selama 4 minggu dapat menyebabkan peningkatan kadar asam urat.
Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria. Patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergo combination anti-tuberculosis drug (ATD) therapy. In category I treatment, patients receive a combination of RHZE during the intensive phase for 2 months. The inclusion of pyrazinamide (Z) and ethambutol (E) in the therapy regimen carries the risk of side effects, including an increase in uric acid levels in the bloodstream. These side effects can result in medical issues, such as gout and kidney function disturbances. As a result, it is crucial for pharmacists to monitor the potential side effects of ATD in patients. This study aimed to analyze the impact of RHZE combination ATD use on patients’ uric acid levels. This research was conducted at Citangkil Community Health Center in Cilegon City, and was an observational cohort study started from April to June 2023, involving a total of 36 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Uric acid levels were assessed both before patients initiated ATD treatment (week 0) and at week 4 after commencing ATD. The findings indicated that the mean uric acid levels for male patients at week 0 and week 4 were 5.09 ± 0.9 mg/dL and 12.02 ± 1.59 mg/dL, respectively. For female patients, the corresponding levels were 5.06 ± 0.94 mg/dL and 11.98 ± 1.69 mg/dL. Paired t-test results revealed a statistically significant difference in mean uric acid levels between week 0 and week 4 (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the use of RHZE combination ATD in pulmonary tuberculosis patients for 4 weeks could lead to an elevation in uric acid levels.
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