Studi Etnomedisin Tanaman Obat sebagai Penurun Rasa Nyeri Sendi pada Suku Dayak
Abstract
Etnomedisin merupakan studi tentang presepsi dan konsepsi masyarakat lokal dalam memahami kesehatan atau studi yang mempelajari sistem medis etnis tradisional. Nyeri sendi adalah peradangan sendi yang ditandai dengan pembengkakan, warna kemerahan, panas, nyeri, dan kesulitan untuk bergerak. Hingga saat ini, Suku Dayak masih menggunakan metode pengobatan tradisional yang dilakukan secara turun-temurun dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan alam seperti tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini menggali informasi jenis tanaman yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Suku Dayak di Desa Sambi, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Barat, Kalimantan Tengah untuk mengobati nyeri sendi dan cara penggunaannya. Metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan pengambilan sampel secara purposive dan snowball. Informan yang ditargetkan berjumlah 20 orang yang mengetahui tentang pengobatan nyeri sendi melalui wawancara dan observasi. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan rute penggunaanya itu, secara oral terdapat 4 ramuan tanaman obat dan 8 tanaman tunggal, sedangkan digunakan secara topikal terdapat 1 tanaman. Berdasarkan jumlah tanaman dalam ramuan yang paling banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Suku Dayak yaitu 3 tanaman dalam 1 ramuan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah Suku Dayak di Desa Sambi banyak menggunakan Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr, dan Orthosiphon aristatus untuk mengobati nyeri sendi, sedangkan cara formulasinya sebagian besar direbus bersamaan dengan air sebanyak 750 mL. Ramuan tersebut dikonsumsi sebanyak 3x sehari hingga kondisi membaik untuk mengobati nyeri sendi.
Ethnomedicine is a study of local people's perceptions and conceptions of health or the study of traditional ethnic medical systems. Joint pain is joint inflammation characterized by swelling, redness, heat, pain, and difficulty of moving. Dayak tribe still uses traditional healing methods that have been passed down from generation to generation using natural ingredients such as plants. This research aimed to explore the types of plants used by the Dayak tribe in Sambi Village, West Kotawaringin Regency, Central Kalimantan to treat joint pain and how they are used. Quantitative research method using purposive and snowball sampling. The targeted informants were 20 people who knew about joint pain treatment through interviews and observations. The results were based on the route of use, namely oral, there were 4 medicinal plant potions and 8 single plants,while when used topically there was 1 plant. Based on the number of plants in the potion, the most widely used by the Dayak people is 3 plants in 1 potion. The conclusion of this research was the Dayak tribe in Sambi Village mostly uses Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, Arcangelisia flava (L.) Merr, and Orthosiphon aristatus to treat joint pain, while the formulation method is mostly boiled together with 750 mL of water. The potion is consumed 3 times a day until the condition improves to treat joint pain.
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