Uji Toksisitas Akut Limit Test Ekstrak Etanol 70% Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.)
Abstract
Bunga Telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) dapat digunakan untuk berbagai pengobatan penyakit, salah satunya sebagai antidiabetes. Pengujian keamanan dari bunga telang masih terbatas untuk pengembangan obat baru. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gejala toksisitas serta nilai LD50 dari uji toksisitas akut. Metode OECD menggunakan hewan uji tikus betina galur wistar, yang dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol negatif (Na-CMC) dan kelompok perlakuan (ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang dengan dosis 5000 mg/kgBB). Hewan uji diamati gejala-gejala toksisitas dan berat badannya selama 14 hari. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi kulit dan bulu, mata, tremor (gemetar), konvulsi (kejang), letargi (lesu), diare, dan mati. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak mengandung alkaloid, fenol, flavonoid, saponin, tanin dan triterpernoid. Positif flavonoid dipertegas dengan identifikasi menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis. Eluen yang digunakan n-heksan:etil asetat (4:2) dengan penampak bercak AlCl3 5%, nilai Rf yang didapat yaitu 0,77 dan 0,92. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, hewan uji tidak mengalami gejala-gejala toksisitas dan tidak mengalami perubahan bermakna pada berat badan hewan uji kontrol negatif dan perlakuan dengan nilai sig (2- tailed) pada Independent T-Test lebih dari 0,05. Hasil uji toksisitas akut menunjukkan nilai LD50 ekstrak etanol 70% bunga telang adalah >5000 mg/kgBB. Berdasarkan klasifikasi BPOM, nilai tersebut termasuk dalam kategori 5 yaitu praktis tidak toksik.
Telang Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) can be used for various treatments of diseases, like antidiabetic. Telang flower needs to be carried about the level of safety samplefor the development of new drugs. This study aimed to determine the symptoms and LD50 value of the acute toxicity with OECD 425 method. The test animals were female Wistar rats divided into controls (Na-CMC) and group with 70% ethanolic extract of telang flower at a doses of 5000 mg/kgBW. The test animals were observed for the symptoms of toxicity and body weight for 14 days. Observations were included skin, eyes, tremors, convulsions, lethargy, diarrhea, and death. The result obtained on alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids. The flavonoids was confirmed by identification using thin layer chromatography with n-hexane: ethyl acetate (4:2) on AlCl3 5% spots, and the RF values obtained were 0.77 and 0.92. The result showed not experience significant changes in the body weight of controls (Na-CMC) and group at a doses of 5000 mg/kgBW with a sig (2-tailed) value on the Independent T-Test of more than 0.05. LD50 value showed of the 70% ethanolic extract of telang flower was > 5000 mg/kgBW. Based in category BPOM classification, it is include in category 5, practically non toxic.
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