Diare sebagai Konsekuensi Buruknya Sanitasi Lingkungan
Abstract
Abstract—Diarrhea becomes the second disease after ARI that causes morbidity and death in Indonesia. Riskesdas in 2007 shows diarrhea as an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. The morbidity survey by the Directorate General of Disease Control and Environmental Health of the Ministry of Health from 2000 - 2010 showed a tendency for the incidence of diarrheal disease to rise, namely the 2000 Incidence Rate of diarrheal disease 301/1000 population, in 2003 it rose to 374/1000 population, in 2006 it became 423 / 1000 residents and in 2010 became 411/1000 residents. This paper wants to find out the preventive actions taken by the government in controlling diarrheal diseases in terms of environmental sanitation. Literature searches are conducted online and manually on scientific publications in Indonesian or English, with keywords in the form of diarrheal disease, environmental sanitation, public health efforts, government and health offices. The results show that from 25 related publications, 17 publications discuss diarrhea and 8 publications discuss environmental sanitation. The conclusion obtained is the incidence of diarrhea fluctuates from year to year. An increase in diarrheal disease is associated with poor environmental sanitation, the root of which is the lack of awareness and knowledge in particular rural communities to maintain and preserve and carry out healthy living behaviors to break the cycle of diarrheal transmission in Indonesia.
Abstrak—Diare menjadi penyakit kedua setelah ISPA yang menyebabkan kejadian kesakitan maupun kematian di Indonesia. Riskesdas tahun 2007 menunjukkan diare sebagai penyakit menular dengan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Tulisan ini ingin mengetahui tindakan preventif yang dilakukan pemerintah dalam usaha mengendalikan terjadinya penyakit diare ditinjau dari sanitasi lingkungan. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan secara online dan manual terhadap publikasi ilmiah berbahasa Indonesia atau Inggris, dengan kata kunci berupa penyakit diare, sanitasi lingkungan, usaha kesehatan masyarakat, pemerintah dan dinas kesehatan. Hasil amatan menunjukkan dari 25 publikasi yang berkaitan, 17 publikasi membahas tentang diare dan 8 publikasi membahas tentang sanitasi lingkungan. Kesimpulan yang didapatkan adalah angka insiden diare berfluktuasi dari tahun ke tahun. Peningkatan penyakit diare berhubungan dengan buruknya sanitasi lingkungan yang akar permasalahannya terdapat pada kurang kesadaran dan pengetahun pada khususnya masyarakat pedesaan untuk menjaga dan melestarikan serta melakukan perilaku hidup sehat untuk memutuskan siklus rantai penularan penyakit diare di Indonesia.
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