Review: Potensi Antimikroba pada Tanaman Mangrove di Indonesia terhadap Staphylococcus sp. dan Shigella sp.
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Abstract
Abstract—Indonesia still has a high prevalence of diarrhea cases, which is 14.5% in 2020. Diarrhea can cause malnutrition, dehydration, kidney damage, and a weak immune system, so an effective solution is needed to reduce the number of diarrhea cases. Mangroves are known to contain various secondary metabolites that play a role in the health sector, such as antimicrobials, antivirals, and antifungals. This review article aims to review whether the antibacterial activity of mangroves can suppress the growth of bacteria that cause diarrhea, namely Staphylococcus sp. and Shigella sp. Based on a review of six selected research articles, it is known that various mangrove species have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus sp. and Shigella sp. The strength of these activities against the two bacteria is determined by several factors, including the extraction method used and the chosen solvent. With these results, it is hoped that mangroves can become an affordable alternative medicine for various groups of people to cure diarrhea, thus the number of diarrhea cases in Indonesia can decrease.
Keywords: diarrhea, mangrove, secondary metabolite, shigella sp., and staphylococcus sp.
Abstrak—Indonesia masih ber-prevalensi tinggi untuk kasus diare, yaitu sebesar 14,5% pada tahun 2020. Diare dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi, dehidrasi, kerusakan ginjal, serta sistem imun tubuh yang lemah, sehingga diperlukan adanya solusi yang efektif untuk mengurangi angka kasus diare tersebut. Mangrove telah diketahui memiliki berbagai kandungan metabolit sekunder yang berperan dalam bidang kesehatan, seperti antimikroba, antivirus, dan antifungal. Review artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengulas apakah aktivitas antibakteri yang dimiliki oleh mangrove dapat menekan pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab diare, yaitu Staphylococcus sp. dan Shigella sp. Berdasarkan review terhadap enam artikel penelitian pilihan, diketahui bahwa terdapat berbagai spesies mangrove yang memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus sp. dan Shigella sp. Kekuatan dari aktivitas tersebut terhadap kedua bakteri ditentukan oleh beberapa faktor, di antaranya metode ekstraksi yang dilakukan serta pelarut yang dipilih. Dengan adanya hasil tersebut, diharapkan mangrove dapat menjadi obat alternatif yang terjangkau oleh berbagai kalangan masyarakat untuk menyembuhkan diare, sehingga angka kasus diare di Indonesia dapat menurun.
Kata kunci: diare, mangrove, metabolit sekunder, shigella sp., and staphylococcus sp.
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