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Berbagai Macam Adiksi dan Penatalaksanaannya

  • Soetjipto Universitas Airlangga
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Keywords: addiction, physical dependency, psychological dependency

Abstract

Addiction is used to describe dependency on narcotics, alcohol, psychotropics and other addictive agents, but recently it is also used to name dependency on others, including gambling, eating, work, Internet, pornography, sex, computer, videogame, and shopping. The causes and the trigger could be genetical, biological/pharmacological and social. Clinically, addiction covers physical and psychological dependencies. Diagnosis is made through anamnesis, physical examination and laboratory testing, while the management should be holistic, consisting of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and environmental manipulation. Prognosis of addictive patients depend on various igniting factors, whether genetical, psychological or due to social environmental affect.

Istilah adiksi sering digunakan untuk menyebut ketergantungan terhadap Napza (Narkotika, Alkohol, Psikotropika dan Zat Adiktif lainnya), tetapi akhir-akhir ini digunakan untuk menyebut masalah ketergantungan terhadap yang lain, termasuk judi, makan, pekerjaan, Internet, pornografi, seks, komputer, videogame, dan berbelanja. Faktor penyebab dan pencetusnya bisa genetik, biologik/farmakologik dan sosial. Gejala klinis adiksi meliputi adanya ketergantungan fisik dan ketergantungan psikologik Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik dan laboratorium, sedang penatalaksanaannya harus holistik, meliputi farmakoterapi, psikoterapi dan manipulasi lingkungan. Prognosis pasien adiksi tergantung pada berbagai faktor yang mencetuskan, apakah karena genetik, psikologik atau akibat pengaruh lingkungan sosial.

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Published
2007-10-01
How to Cite
Soetjipto. (2007). Berbagai Macam Adiksi dan Penatalaksanaannya. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 23(1), 84-91. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v23i1.4252