Self-Compassion Increases Life Satisfaction in Singles Who Want to Get Married

[Welas Asih Diri Meningkatkan Kepuasan Hidup Pada Lajang Ingin Menikah]

  • Gracetia Ratna Honesty Maryanto Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Pelita Harapan
  • Karel Karsten Himawan Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Pelita Harapan
  • Hanif Akhtar Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang & ELTE Eotvos Lorand University
Abstract Views: 627 times
PDF - Full Text Downloads: 376 times
Keywords: Central Java, Jawa Tengah, life satisfaction, kepuasan hidup, single, lajang, self-compassion, welas asih diri

Abstract

For most societies with strong patriarchal values, marriage is part of cultural expectations, causing challenges and social stress for single individuals of marriageable age. This phenomenon can also be observed in people in Central Java. In an effort to increase the life satisfaction of single individuals amidst high cultural expectations, this quantitative study aims to explore the influence of self-compassion on life satisfaction. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 138 single individuals aged between 25-35 years (Mage = 27.84; SD = 3.014). Regression analysis was utilized to determine the contribution of self-compassion to life satisfaction. The results show that self-compassion influences the life satisfaction of single women (r = .537; p = .000) and men (r = .270; p = .34) in Central Java. This means that self-compassion as a psychological strategy can help singles to experience life satisfaction even though they experience social pressure regarding their single status.

 

Bagi kebanyakan masyarakat dengan nilai patriarkal yang kuat, pernikahan merupakan bagian dari ekspektasi budaya, menyebabkan tantangan dan tekanan sosial bagi individu lajang berusia siap menikah. Fenomena ini juga dapat diobservasi pada masyarakat di Jawa Tengah. Sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kepuasan hidup individu lajang di tengah ekspektasi budaya yang tinggi, studi kuantitatif ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi pengaruh welas asih diri terhadap kepuasan hidup. Survei cross-sectional dilakukan terhadap 138 individu lajang berusia antara 25-35 tahun (Musia = 27,84; SD = 3,014). Analisis regresi digunakan untuk mengetahui kontribusi welas asih diri terhadap kepuasan hidup. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa welas asih diri berpengaruh pada kepuasan hidup perempuan (r = 0,537; p = 0,000) dan laki-laki (r = 0,270; p = 0,34) lajang di Jawa Tengah. Hal ini berarti welas asih diri sebagai strategi psikologis dapat membantu lajang tetap mengalami kepuasan hidup walaupun mengalami tekanan sosial mengenai status lajangnya.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Andu, C. P. (2019). Makna pernikahan bagi wanita lajang usia dewasa [The meaning of marriage for adult single women]. Representamen, 5(1), 48-55. https://doi.org/10.30996/representamen.v5i1.2400

Apriliandra, S., & Krisnani, H. (2021). Perilaku diskriminatif pada perempuan akibat kuatnya budaya patriarki di Indonesia ditinjau dari perspektif konflik [Discriminative actions on women due to patriarchal culture in Indonesia reviewed from the perspective of conflict]. Jurnal Kolaborasi Resolusi Konflik, 3(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.24198/jkrk.v3i1.31968

Arnett, J. J. (2015). The Oxford handbook of emerging adulthood. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199795574.001.0001

Aydemir, M., & Arli, N. B. (2020). The role of social exclusion and life satisfaction in explaining quality of life [Yaşam kalitesini açıklamada sosyal dışlanma ve yaşam tatmininin rolü]. International Journal of Social Inquiry, 13(2), 447-463. https://doi.org/10.37093/ijsi.837687

Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS - Statistics Indonesia]. (2020a). Statistik pemuda Indonesia 2020 [Indonesian youth statistics 2020]. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/id/publication/2020/12/21/4a39564b84a1c4e7a615f28b/statistik-pemuda-indonesia-2020.html

Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS - Statistics Indonesia]. (2020b). Survei sosial ekonomi nasional 2020 Maret (KOR) [National social-economy survey March 2020]. SILASTIK: Sistem Informasi Layanan Statistik. https://silastik.bps.go.id/v3/index.php/mikrodata/detail/c2NMQ1NXelhIUzM4NEcwS0R4bGZtZz09

Bajaj, B., & Pande, N. (2016). Mediating role of resilience in the impact of mindfulness on life satisfaction and affect as indices of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 93, 63-67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.09.005

Bluth, K., & Blanton, P. W. (2015). The influence of self-compassion on emotional well-being among early and older adolescent males and females. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(3), 219-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2014.936967

Buchner, A., Erdfelder, E., Faul, F., Lang, A. -G. (2023). G*Power 3.1 manual. Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf. https://www.psychologie.hhu.de/arbeitsgruppen/allgemeine-psychologie-und-arbeitspsychologie/gpower

Chew, L. -C., & Ang, C. -S. (2023). The relationship among quiet ego, authenticity, self-compassion and life satisfaction in adults. Current Psychology, 42, 5254-5264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01867-5

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal Of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

Dihni, V. A. (2022). Indeks literasi digital Indonesia membaik pada 2021 [Indonesian digital literacy index improving in 2021]. Databoks. https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/07/13/indeks-literasi-digital-indonesia-membaik-pada-2021

Endraswara, S. (2002). Seksologi Jawa [Javanese sexology]. Wedatama Widya Sastra.

Endraswara, S. (2010). Etika hidup orang Jawa: Pedoman beretiket dalam menjalani kehidupan sehari-hari [Javanese life ethics: Guide in daily life ethics]. Narasi.

Esteve, A., Kashyap, R., García-Román, J., Cheng, Y. -H. A., Fukuda, S., Nie, W., & Lee, H. -O. (2020). Demographic change and increasing late singlehood in East Asia, 2010-2050. Demographic Research, 43, 1367-1398. https://doi.org/10.4054/demres.2020.43.46

Fatahya, F., & Abidin, F. A. (2022). Literasi kesehatan mental dan status kesehatan mental dewasa awal pengguna media sosial [Mental health literacy and young adult social media users’ mental health status]. Higeia: Journal of Public Health Research and Development, 6(2), 165-175. https://doi.org/10.15294/higeia.v6i2.49871 | https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/higeia/article/view/49871

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A.-G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175-191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146

Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Buchner, A., & Lang, A.-G. (2009). Statistical power analyses using G*Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1149-1160. https://doi.org/10.3758/BRM.41.4.1149

Fauziyah, Y. (2008). Menyingkap kuasa maskulinitas di balik tabir feminitas wanita Jawa [Uncovering the power of masculinity behind the veil of Javanese women’s femininity]. Ulumuna: Journal of Islamic Studies, 12(1), 183-200. https://doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v12i1.397

Ferrari, M., Beath, A., Einstein, D. A., Yap, K., & Hunt, C. (2022). Gender differences in self-compassion: A latent profile analysis of compassionate and uncompassionate self-relating in a large adolescent sample. Current Psychology, 42, 24132-23147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03408-0

Furnham, A., & Swami, V. (2018). Mental health literacy: A review of what it is and why it matters. International Perspectives in Psychology, 7(4), 240-257. https://doi.org/10.1037/ipp0000094

Germer, C. K., & Neff, K. D. (2013). Self-compassion in clinical practice. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 69(8), 856-867. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22021

Gorczynski, P., & Sims-Schouten, W. (2022). Evaluating mental health literacy amongst US college students: A cross sectional study. Journal of American College Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2022.2063690

Handayani, T., Ayubi, D., & Anshari, D. (2020). Literasi kesehatan mental orang dewasa dan penggunaan pelayanan kesehatan mental. Perilaku dan Promosi Kesehatan: Indonesian Journal of Health Promotion and Behavior, 2(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.47034/ppk.v2i1.3905

Hefner, R. (2018). Routledge handbook of contemporary Indonesia. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Contemporary-Indonesia/Hefner/p/book/9780367580919

Henny, S. M., & Yendi, F. M. (2021). Self-compassion of adolescent based of gender. Journal of Health, Nursing and Society (JHNS), 1(2), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.32698/jhns.0090191

Hidayatullah, M. S., & Larassaty, R. M. (2017). Makna bahagia pada lajang dewasa madya [The meaning of happiness in middle adulthood singles]. Jurnal Ecopsy, 4(2), 71-76. https://doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.v4i2.3847

Himawan, K. K., Bambling, M., & Edirippulige, S. (2018). What does it mean to be single in Indonesia? Religiosity, social stigma, and marital status among never-married Indonesian adults. SAGE Open, 8(3): 215824401880313. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018803132

Himawan, K. K. (2019). Either I do or I must: An exploration of the marriage attitudes of Indonesian singles. The Social Science Journal, 56(2), 220-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2018.07.007

Himawan, K. K. (2020). Menikah adalah ibadah: Peran agama dalam mengkonstruksi pengalaman melajang di Indonesia [Marriage is worship: The role of religion in construction single experience in Indonesia]. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 9(2), 120-135. https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.56548

Himawan, K. K., Underwood, M., Bambling, M., & Edirippulige, S. (2021). Being single when marriage is the norm: Internet use and the well-being of never-married adults in Indonesia. Current Psychology, 41, 8850-8861. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01367-6

Hofstede Insights. (n.d.). Country comparison tool. Hofstede Insights. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country-comparison-tool

Hyde, J. S. (2005). The gender similarities hypothesis. American Psychologist, 60(6), 581-592. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066x.60.6.581

Intan, T., & Machdalena, S. (2021). Stigma perempuan lajang dan perkawinan dalam metropop 90 Hari Mencari Cinta karya Ken Terate [Single women and marriage stigma in metropop 90 Days Searching For Love by Ken Terate]. MABASAN, 15(1), 145-164. https://doi.org/10.26499/mab.v15i1.448

Jennings, L., & Tan, P. (2014). Self-compassion and life satisfaction in gay men. Psychological Reports, 115(3), 888-895. https://doi.org/10.2466/21.07.pr0.115c33z3

Jones, G. W., & Yeung, W. -J. J. (2014). Marriage in Asia. Journal of Family Issues, 35(12), 1567-1583. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513x14538029

Jorm, A. F. (2012). Mental health literacy: Empowering the community to take action for better mental health. American Psychologist, 67(3), 231-243. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025957

Karinda, F. B. (2020). Belas asih diri (self compassion) pada mahasiswa [Self-compassion in university students]. Cognicia, 8(2), 234-252. https://doi.org/10.22219/cognicia.v8i2.11288

Kartikasari, N., & Ariana, A. D. (2019). Hubungan antara literasi kesehatan mental, stigma diri terhadap intensi mencari bantuan pada dewasa awal [The relationship between mental health literacy, self-stigma, on help-seeking intention in young adults]. INSAN: Jurnal Psikologi dan Kesehatan Mental, 4(2), 64-75. https://doi.org/10.20473/jpkm.v4i22019.64-75

Kong, F., Wang, X., & Zhao, J. (2014). Dispositional mindfulness and life satisfaction: The role of core self-evaluations. Personality and Individual Differences, 56, 165-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2013.09.002

Kutcher, S., Wei, Y., & Coniglio, C. (2016). Mental health literacy: Past, present, and future. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(3), 154-158. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743715616609

Nanik, Tairas, M. M. W., & Hendriani, W. (2018). "She is a spinster”: A descriptive study on perception toward single women. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(2.29), 667-674. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.29.13995

Natalya, L. (2018). Validation of Academic Motivation Scale: Short Indonesian Language version. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 34(1), 43-53. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v34i1.2025

Natasha, S. A., & Desiningrum, D. R. (2018). Wanita lajang dewasa madya: Sebuah studi dengan pendekatan interpretative phenomenological analysis [Middle adulthood single women: A study with interpretative phenomenological analysis approach]. Jurnal EMPATI, 7(1), 295-301. https://doi.org/10.14710/empati.2018.20222

Neff, K. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032

Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027

Neff, K. (2011). Self-compassion, self-esteem, and well-being. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00330.x

Nugraheni, A. (2023, January 19). Berapa usia idaman menikah? [What is the desired marriage age?]. Kompas. https://www.kompas.id/baca/riset/2023/01/18/berapa-usia-idaman-menikah

Nugroho, I. P., Kurniawan, M. W., Anggia, R. D., Safira, A., & Rezkyandar, M. (2020). Gambaran literasi kesehatan mental anak jalanan ditinjau dari tingkat pendidikan [Mental health literacy portrayal of street children reviewed by education level]. Prosiding National Simposium & Conference Ahlimedia, 1(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.47387/nasca.v1i1.1

Nurfaidah, R. (2017). Dominasi maskulinitas dalam cerpen Indonesia (Masculinity domination in Indonesian short stories). METASASTRA: Jurnal Penelitian Sastra, 9(2), 239-252. https://doi.org/10.26610/metasastra.2016.v9i2.239-252

Nursalam, N., & Ibrahim, M. (2015). Fenomena sosial pilihan hidup tidak menikah wanita karier [Social phenomenon of career women’s life choice of being single]. Equilibrium: Jurnal Pendidikan, 3(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.26618/equilibrium.v3i1.514

Oktarina, L. P., Wijaya, M., & Demartoto, A. (2015). Pemaknaan perkawinan (Studi kasus pada perempuan lajang yang bekerja di Kecamatan Bulukerto Kabupaten Wonogiri) [The meaning of marriage (Case study on single women working in Kecamatan Bulukerto Wonogiri regency)]. Jurnal Analisa Sosiologi, 4(1), 75-90. https://doi.org/10.20961/jas.v4i1.17412

Oktawirawan, D. H., & Yudiarso, A. (2020). Analisis dampak sosial, budaya, dan psikologis lajang di Indonesia [Analysis of the social, cultural, and psychological effects of being single in Indonesia]. Jurnal Pamator: Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Trunojoyo, 13(2), 213-217. https://doi.org/10.21107/pamator.v13i2.7872

Oktriyanto, O., Amrullah, H., Hastuti, D., & Alfiasari, A. (2019). Persepsi tentang usia pernikahan perempuan dan jumlah anak yang diharapkan: Mampukah memprediksi praktek pengasuhan orang tua? [Perception of women marriage age and desired number of children: Can it predict parenting?]. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga & Konsumen, 12(2), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2019.12.2.145

Panggabean, H., Tjitra, H., & Murniati, J. (2014). Kearifan lokal keunggulan global: Cakrawala baru di era globalisasi [Local wisdom global excellence: New horizon in the globalization era]. Elex Media Komputindo. https://elexmedia.id/produk/detail/elexmedia2018-Kearifan%20Lokal%20Keunggulan%20Global/9786020256061

Pratama, B. A., & Wahyuningsih, N. (2018). Pernikahan adat Jawa di Desa Nengahan, Kecamatan Bayat, Kabupaten Klaten [Javanese cultural marriage in Nengahan village, Kecamatan Bayat, Klaten regency]. Haluan Sastra Budaya, 2(1), 19-40. https://doi.org/10.20961/hsb.v2i1.19604

Putri, A., & Nurhajati, L. (2020). Representasi perempuan dalam kukungan tradisi Jawa pada film Kartini karya Hanung Bramantyo [Representation of women in the confines of Javanese tradition in the film Kartini by Hanung Bramantyo]. ProTVF, 4(1), 42-63. https://doi.org/10.24198/ptvf.v4i1.24008

Ridlo, I. A., & Zein, R. A. (2018). Arah kebijakan kesehatan mental: Tren global dan nasional serta tantangan aktual [The direction of mental health policy: Global and national trend and actual challenges]. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 46(1), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v46i1.56

Rudianto, Z. N. (2022). Pengetahuan Generasi Z tentang literasi kesehatan dan kesadaran mental di masa pandemi [Generation Z knowledge about health literature and mental awareness during pandemic]. Jurnal Pendidikan Kesehatan (JPK), 11(1), 49-72. https://doi.org/10.31290/jpk.v11i1.2843

Sakina, A. I., & Siti, D. H. (2017). Menyoroti budaya patriarki di Indonesia [Spotlighting the patriarchal culture in Indonesia]. Share: Social Work Journal, 7(1), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.24198/share.v7i1.13820

Santosa, N. E. T. I., Kusuma, K. A., & Agustina, I. F. (2018). Sura Dira Jayaningrat Lebur Dening Pangastuti - A key principle to achieve success. Proceedings of the Annual Conference on Social Sciences and Humanities (ANCOSH), 1, 470-474. https://doi.org/10.5220/0007422804700474

Septiana, E., & Syafiq, M. (2013). Identitas “lajang” (single identity) dan stigma: Studi fenomenologi perempuan lajang di Surabaya [Single identity and stigma: Phenomenology study of single women in Surabaya]. Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan, 4(1), 71-86. https://doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v4n1.p71-86

Situmorang, A. (2007). Staying single in a married world. Asian Population Studies, 3(3), 287-304. https://doi.org/10.1080/17441730701746433

Sridharan, C., & Adiga, P. (2015). Life satisfaction and adjustment among married and unmarried women. Global Journal for Research Analysis (GJRA), 4(5), 1-3. https://www.worldwidejournals.com/global-journal-for-research-analysis-GJRA/file.php?val=May_2015_1432024823__141.pdf

Sugianto, D., Suwartono, C., & Sutanto, S. H. (2020). Reliabilitas dan validitas Self-Compassion Scale versi Bahasa Indonesia [Reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of Self-Compassion Scale]. Jurnal Psikologi Ulayat: Indonesian Journal of Indigenous Psychology, 7(2), 177-191. https://doi.org/10.24854/jpu107

Utomo, A., & Sutopo, O. R. (2020). Pemuda, perkawinan, dan perubahan sosial di Indonesia [Youth, marriage, and social change in Indonesia]. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 9(2), 77-87. https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.60144

Yang, Y., Zhang, M., & Kou, Y. (2016). Self-compassion and life satisfaction: The mediating role of hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 98, 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.03.086

Yarnell, L. M., Stafford, R. E., Neff, K. D., Reilly, E. D., Knox, M. C., & Mullarkey, M. (2015). Meta-analysis of gender differences in self-compassion. Self and Identity, 14(5), 499-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2015.1029966

Yarnell, L. M., Neff, K. D., Davidson, O. A., & Mullarkey, M. (2018). Gender differences in self-compassion: Examining the role of gender role orientation. Mindfulness, 10(6), 1136-1152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1066-1

Published
2024-01-25
How to Cite
Maryanto, G. R. H., Himawan, K. K., & Akhtar, H. (2024). Self-Compassion Increases Life Satisfaction in Singles Who Want to Get Married: [Welas Asih Diri Meningkatkan Kepuasan Hidup Pada Lajang Ingin Menikah]. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 39(1), e06. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v39i1.5493