Measuring Innovative Work Behavior Intention Through Experimental Vignette Method: The Role of Cognitive Diversity and Psychological Safety

[Mengukur Intensi Perilaku Kerja Inovatif Melalui Metode Vignette: Peran Keragaman Kognitif dan Rasa Aman Psikologis]

  • Anak Agung Istri Ratna Kumala Dewi Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia
  • Arum Etikariena Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia
Abstract Views: 444 times
PDF - Full Text Downloads: 239 times
Keywords: innovative work behavior intention, intensi perilaku kerja inovatif, cognitive diversity, keragaman kognitif, psychological safety, rasa aman psikologis, experimental vignette method, metode eksperimen vignette, manufacturing employee, karyawan manufaktur

Abstract

Innovation is required to create new inventions to maintain company’s excellence in its field. In the individual level, the innovative work behavior in the workplace is a complex behavior that consists of three different stages. Innovative work behavior is a high-risk activity and not always conducted, so intention is the closest factor to predict innovative work behavior. Cognitive diversity and psychological safety turn out to play a role in the emergence of innovative work behavior intention. However, the results of studies on the two variables are still inconsistent. Utilizing experimental vignette method (EVM), this study aims to investigate the effect of cognitive diversity and psychological safety in predicting innovative work behavior intention. A randomized 2x2 factorial design was conducted on 266 manufacturing employees around the Jakarta area. Participants were randomly divided into four groups and instructed to read a narrative text about a meeting. Innovative work behavior intention was measured using questionnaire. The 2x2 factorial ANOVA results showed that cognitive diversity and psychological safety had a significant effect on innovative work behavior intention. Furthermore, cognitive diversity has an interaction effect with psychological safety. A positive and safe working environment for employees is important so they can show innovative work behavior that impacts company’s productivity.

 

Inovasi sangat dibutuhkan untuk dapat menciptakan terobosan baru guna mempertahankan keunggulan di bidangnya. Pada level individu, istilah perilaku kerja inovatif merupakan perilaku kompleks yang terdiri dari tiga tahapan perilaku yang berbeda. Perilaku kerja inovatif merupakan aktivitas yang tidak selalu dilakukan dan memiliki risiko yang tinggi, sehingga dalam hal ini intensi merupakan faktor terdekat untuk memprediksi perilaku kerja inovatif. Keberagaman kognitif serta keamanan psikologis ternyata berperan dalam kemunculan intensi perilaku kerja inovatif. Walaupun demikian, studi terkait kedua hal tersebut menunjukkan hasil yang belum konsisten. Dengan menggunakan experimental vignette method (EVM), studi ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh antara keragaman kognitif dan rasa aman psikologis dalam memprediksi kemunculan intensi perilaku kerja inovatif. Studi desain faktorial 2x2 dilakukan terhadap 266 karyawan yang bekerja di sektor manufaktur yang berada di area Jakarta dan sekitarnya. Peserta dibagi secara acak menjadi empat grup dan diminta untuk membaca narasi teks dengan berlatar situasi rapat. Intensi perilaku kerja inovatif diukur menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil ANOVA faktorial 2x2 menunjukkan bahwa keragaman kognitif dan rasa aman psikologis terbukti memiliki pengaruh terhadap intensi perilaku kerja inovatif. Selain itu, keragaman kognitif memiliki efek interaksi dengan rasa aman psikologis. Lingkungan kerja yang positif dan aman adalah penting agar karyawan dapat menampilkan perilaku kerja inovatif yang berdampak pada produktivitas perusahaan.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aguinis, H., & Bradley, K. J. (2014). Best practice recommendations for designing and implementing experimental vignette methodology studies. Organizational Research Methods, 17(4), 351-371. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428114547952

Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t

Anderson, N., Potočnik, K., & Zhou, J. (2014). Innovation and creativity in organizations: A state-of-the-science review, prospective commentary, and guiding framework. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1297-1333. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527128

Atzmüller, C., & Steiner, P. M. (2010). Experimental vignette studies in survey research. Methodology: European Journal of Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 6(3), 128-138. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-2241/a000014

Azwar, S. (2001). Asumsi-asumsi dalam inferensi statistika [Assumptions in statistical inference]. Buletin Psikologi, 9(1), 8-17. https://doi.org/10.22146/bpsi.7436 | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/buletinpsikologi/article/view/7436

Barter, C., & Renold, E. (2000). ‘I wanna tell you a story’: Exploring the application of vignettes in qualitative research with children and young people. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 3(4), 307-323. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645570050178594

Bergmann, B., & Schaeppi, J. (2016). A data-driven approach to group creativity. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2016/07/a-data-driven-approach-to-group-creativity

Cao, F., & Zhang, H. (2020). Workplace friendship, psychological safety and innovative behavior in China: A moderated-mediation model. Chinese Management Studies, 14(3), 661-676. https://doi.org/10.1108/CMS-09-2019-0334

Caruso, H. M., & Woolley, A. M. (2008). Harnessing the power of emergent interdependence to promote diverse team collaboration. In K. W. Phillips (Eds.), Diversity and groups (Vol. 11) (pp. 245-266). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1534-0856(08)11011-8

Chen, X., Liu, J., Zhang, H., & Kwan, H. K. (2019). Cognitive diversity and innovative work behaviour: The mediating roles of task reflexivity and relationship conflict and the moderating role of perceived support. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 92(3), 671-694. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12259

Choo, A. S., Linderman, K. W., & Schroeder, R. G. (2007). Method and psychological effects on learning behaviors and knowledge creation in quality improvement projects. Management Science, 53(3), 437-450. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0635

Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrison, K. (2007). Research methods in education (6th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203029053

Devloo, T., Anseel, F., De Beuckelaer, A., & Feys, M. (2016). When the fire dies: Perceived success and support for innovation shape the motivating potential of innovative work behaviour. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(4), 512-524. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432x.2016.1182157

Diastari, P., & Parahyanti, E. (2023). The influence of leaders' self-deprecating and aggressive humor on employee's innovative work behavior. Indigenous: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 8(2), 107-122. https://doi.org/10.23917/indigenous.v8i2.21873

Diegmann, P., & Rosenkranz, C. (2017). Team diversity and performance - How agile practices and psychological safety interact. Proceedings of 38th International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS) 2017: 6. https://aisel.aisnet.org/icis2017/IS-Development/Presentations/6/

Dodgson, M., Gann, D., & Salter, A. (2006). The role of technology in the shift towards open innovation: The case of Procter & Gamble. R&D Management, 36(3), 333-346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.2006.00429.x

Dongrey, R., & Rokade, V. (2020). Cognitive diversity at workplace: An overview. TEST: Engineering & Management, 82, 12252-12260. https://www.testmagzine.biz/index.php/testmagzine/article/view/2806

Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350-383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999

Etikariena, A., & Muluk, H. (2014). Hubungan antara memori organisasi dan perilaku inovatif karyawan [Correlation between organizational memory and innovative work behavior]. Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia (Hubs-Asia), 18(2), 77-88. https://doi.org/10.7454/mssh.v18i2.3463

Ettlie, J. E., Groves, K. S., Vance, C. M., & Hess, G. L. (2014). Cognitive style and innovation in organizations. European Journal of Innovation Management, 17(3), 311-326. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-11-2012-0101

Ganong, L. H., & Coleman, M. (2006). Multiple segment factorial vignette designs. Journal of Marriage and Family, 68(2), 455-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2006.00264.x

Gu, Q., Wang, G. G., & Wang, L. (2013). Social capital and innovation in R&D teams: The mediating roles of psychological safety and learning from mistakes. R&D Management, 43(2), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/radm.12002

Hammond, M. M., Neff, N. L., Farr, J. L., Schwall, A. R., & Zhao, X. (2011). Predictors of individual-level innovation at work: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts, 5(1), 90-105. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018556

Harrison, D. A., Price, K. H., & Bell, M. P. (1998). Beyond relational demography: Time and the effects of surface- and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion. Academy of Management Journal (AMJ), 41(1), 96-107. https://doi.org/10.5465/256901 | https://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/256901

Horwitz, S. K., & Horwitz, I. B. (2007). The effects of team diversity on team outcomes: A meta-analytic review of team demography. Journal of Management, 33(6), 987-1015. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206307308587

Hu, J., Erdogan, B., Jiang, K., Bauer, T. N., & Liu, S. (2018). Leader humility and team creativity: The role of team information sharing, psychological safety, and power distance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(3), 313-323. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000277

Hughes, R., & Huby, M. (2004). The construction and interpretation of vignettes in social research. Social Work and Social Sciences Review, 11(1), 36-51. https://doi.org/10.1921/17466105.11.1.36

Hunt, D. F., Bailey, J., Lennox, B. R., Crofts, M., & Vincent, C. (2021). Enhancing psychological safety in mental health services. International Journal of Mental Health Systems, 15: 33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13033-021-00439-1

Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and innovative work behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(3), 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317900167038

Janssen, O. (2004). How fairness perceptions make innovative behavior more or less stressful. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 25(2), 201-215. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.238

Javed, B., Naqvi, S. M. M. R., Khan, A. K., Arjoon, S., & Tayyeb, H. H. (2019). Impact of inclusive leadership on innovative work behavior: The role of psychological safety. Journal of Management & Organization (JMO), 25(1), 117-136. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2017.3

Joniaková, Z., Jankelová, N., Blštáková, J., & Némethová, I. (2021). Cognitive diversity as the quality of leadership in crisis: Team performance in health service during the COVID-19 pandemic. Healthcare, 9(3): 313. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9030313

Joo, B. -K. (B)., Yoon, S. K., & Galbraith, D. (2023). The effects of organizational trust and empowering leadership on group conflict: Psychological safety as a mediator. Organization Management Journal, 20(1), 4-16. https://doi.org/10.1108/OMJ-07-2021-1308

Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.2307/256287 | https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1991-11306-001

Kaplan, R. M., & Saccuzzo, D. P. (2008). Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues (7th ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning. https://www.cengageasia.com/title/default/detail?isbn=9781337098137

Kim, S., Lee, H., & Connerton, T. P. (2020). How psychological safety affects team performance: Mediating role of efficacy and learning behavior. Frontiers in Psychology, 11: 01581. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01581

Lee, J. Y., Swink, M., & Pandejpong, T. (2011). The roles of worker expertise, information sharing quality, and psychological safety in manufacturing process innovation: An intellectual capital perspective. Production and Operations Management, 20(4), 556-570. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1937-5956.2010.01172.x

Ling, D. (2021). ‘Psychological safety’ the missing piece in workplace safety. Business Insurance. https://www.businessinsurance.com/article/20210916/NEWS08/912344586/%E2%80%98Psychological-safety%E2%80%99-the-missing-piece-in-workplace-safety-American-Society-of.%20Accessed%20September%202021

Lu, C. -C., & Luh, D. -B. (2013). Innovative behavioral intention and creativity achievement in design: Test of an integrated model. In A. Marcus (Eds.), Proceedings of Design, User Experience, and Usability (DUXU 2013): Design philosophy, methods, and tools - lecture notes in computer science (Vol. 8012) (pp. 535-544). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39229-0_57

Majumdar, A., Garg, H., & Jain, R. (2021). Managing the barriers of Industry 4.0 adoption and implementation in textile and clothing industry: Interpretive structural model and triple helix framework. Computers in Industry, 125: 103372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2020.103372

Mamasioulas, A., Mourtzis, D., & Chryssolouris, G. (2020). A manufacturing innovation overview: Concepts, models and metrics. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 33(8), 769-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/0951192x.2020.1780317

Martins, L. L., Schilpzand, M. C., Kirkman, B. L., Ivanaj, S., & Ivanaj, V. (2013). A contingency view of the effects of cognitive diversity on team performance. Small Group Research, 44(2), 96-126. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496412466921

Muchiri, M. K., McMurray, A. J., Nkhoma, M., & Pham, H. C. (2020). Mapping antecedents of innovative work behavior: A conceptual review. The Journal of Developing Areas, 54(4). https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2020.0047

Neves, B. J. (2020). Cognitive diversity and team creativity: Knowledge sharing and sharing information as moderators [Master’s thesis, Iscte - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa]. Repositório do Iscte. https://repositorio.iscte-iul.pt/handle/10071/21875

Nuryadi, Astuti, T. D., Utami, E. S., & Budiantara, M. (2017). Dasar-dasar statistika penelitian [Basics of research statistics]. Si Buku Media.

Ouellette, J. A., & Wood, W. (1998). Habit and intention in everyday life: The multiple processes by which past behavior predicts future behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 124(1), 54-74. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.1.54

Palanski, M. E., & Vogelgesang, G. R. (2011). Virtuous creativity: The effects of leader behavioural integrity on follower creative thinking and risk taking. Canadian Journal of Administrative Sciences [Revue Canadienne Des Sciences de l’Administration], 28(3), 259-269. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjas.219

Pandolfo, A. M. (2017). What is the “cognitive” in cognitive diversity? Investigating the convergent validity of cognitive diversity measures [Undergraduate honors’ thesis, University of Western Ontario]. Western Libraries. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/psychd_uht/32

Post, C. (2012). Deep-level team composition and innovation: The mediating roles of psychological safety and cooperative learning. Group & Organization Management, 37(5), 555-588. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601112456289

Rahmi, A., Harizon, H., & Gusti, D. R. (2023). Pengembangan media mobile learning ChemFun berorientasi HOTS (higher order thinking skill) on buffer solution [Development of HOTS (higher order thinking skill) oriented mobile learning ChemFun media on buffer solution materials]. Jurnal Zarah, 11(1), 9-17. https://doi.org/10.31629/zarah.v11i1.4838

Rahmi, D. Y., & Indarti, N. (2019). Examining the relationships among cognitive diversity, knowledge sharing and team climate in team innovation. Team Performance Management: An International Journal, 25(5/6), 299-317. https://doi.org/10.1108/TPM-11-2018-0070

Safdar, U., Badir, Y. F., & Afsar, B. (2017). Who can I ask? How psychological safety affects knowledge sourcing among new product development team members. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 28(1), 79-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2017.04.006

Sameer, Y. M., & Ohly, S. (2017). Innovative behavior of employees: A model of antecedents and consequences, a deeper look at psychological and organizational factors [Working Papers No. 45, The German University in Cairo]. The German University in Cairo. https://mgt.guc.edu.eg/wpapers/045Sameer_2017.pdf

Sauer, J., Felsing, T., Franke, H., & Rüttinger, B. (2006). Cognitive diversity and team performance in a complex multiple task environment. Ergonomics, 49(10), 934-954. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130600577502

Scott, S. G., & Bruce, R. A. (1994). Determinants of innovative behavior: A path model of individual innovation in the workplace. Academy of Management Journal, 37(3), 580-607. https://doi.org/10.5465/256701 | https://journals.aom.org/doi/10.5465/256701

Sheringham, O., Ebbensgaard, C. L., & Blunt, A. (2023) ‘Tales from other people’s houses’: Home and dis/connection in an East London neighbourhood. Social & Cultural Geography, 24(5), 719-737. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2021.1965197

Shin, S. J., Kim, T. -Y., Lee, J. -Y., & Bian, L. (2012). Cognitive team diversity and individual team member creativity: A cross-level interaction. Academy of Management Journal, 55(1), 197-212. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0270

Sjabadhyni, B., Mustika, M. D., Carissa, N., Khairunnisa, S., Kurniawan, L. A., Mutiara, A. B., Putriaji, R. & Sinaga, A. P. (2021). The role of need for cognition in predicting the attitudes of Indonesian Millennials toward printed advertising and purchase intentions. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211029918

Srirahayu, D. P., Ekowati, D., & Sridadi, A. R. (2023). Innovative work behavior in public organizations: A systematic literature review. Heliyon, 9(2): E13557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13557

Statista. (2023). Pangsa produk domestik bruto (PDB) Indonesia pada tahun 2022, berdasarkan sektor [Indonesia’s GDP contribution in 2022, sector-based]. Statista. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1019099/indonesia-gdp-contribution-by-industry/

Stoffers, J., Neessen, P., & van Dorp, P. (2015). Organizational culture and innovative work behavior: A case study of a manufacturer of packaging machines. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5(4), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajibm.2015.54022

Su, W., Lin, X., & Ding, H. (2019). The influence of supervisor developmental feedback on employee innovative behavior: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10: 01581. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01581

Tudor, A. T., Zaharie, M., & Osoian, C. (2014). Innovation development needs in manufacturing companies. Procedia Technology, 12, 505-510. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.522

van Dijk, H., van Engen, M., & Paauwe, J. (2012). Reframing the business case for diversity: A values and virtues perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 111, 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1434-z

van Knippenberg, D., & Schippers, M. C. (2007). Work group diversity. Annual Review of Psychology, 58(1), 515-541. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085546

van Knippenberg, D., van Ginkel, W. P., & Homan, A. C. (2013). Diversity mindsets and the performance of diverse teams. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 121(2), 183-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.03.003

Wang, X. -H. (F.), Kim, T. -Y., & Lee, D. -R. (2016). Cognitive diversity and team creativity: Effects of team intrinsic motivation and transformational leadership. Journal of Business Research, 69(9), 3231-3239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.02.026

Wijaya, C. N., Mustika, M. D., Bulut, S., & Bukori, B. (2023). The power of e-recruitment and employer branding on Indonesian Millennials’ intention to apply for a job. Frontiers in Psychology, 13: 1062525. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1062525

Williams, A. M., Sánchez, I. R., & Škokić, V. (2021). Innovation, risk and uncertainty: A study of tourism entrepreneurs. Journal of Travel Research, 60(2), 293-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287519896012

Xu, Z., & Suntrayuth, S. (2022). Innovative work behavior in high-tech enterprises: Chain intermediary effect of psychological safety and knowledge sharing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13: 1017121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017121

Yasir, M., & Majid, A. (2018). Boundary integration and innovative work behavior among nursing staff. European Journal of Innovation Management, 22(1), 2-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/ejim-02-2018-0035

Younis, R. A. A. (2019). Cognitive diversity and creativity: The moderating effect of collaborative climate. International Journal of Business and Management, 14(1), 159-168. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v14n1p159

Yuan, F., & Zhou, J. (2015). Effects of cultural power distance on group creativity and individual group member creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(7), 990-1007. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2022

Zennouche, M., Zhang, J., & Wang, B. W. (2014). Factors influencing innovation at individual, group and organisational levels: A content analysis. International Journal of Information Systems and Change Management (IJISCM), 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1504/ijiscm.2014.065052

Zhang, C., & Chen, Y. (2020). A review of research relevant to the emerging industry trends: Industry 4.0, IoT, blockchain, and business analytics. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management, 5(1), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2424862219500192

Zhu, J., Lv, H., & Feng, Y. (2022). The effect of psychological safety on innovation behavior: A meta analysis. Proceedings of the 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022) - Advances in Economics, Business and Management, 648, 3082-3087. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.220307.503

Published
2024-01-25
How to Cite
Ratna Kumala Dewi, A. A. I., & Etikariena, A. (2024). Measuring Innovative Work Behavior Intention Through Experimental Vignette Method: The Role of Cognitive Diversity and Psychological Safety: [Mengukur Intensi Perilaku Kerja Inovatif Melalui Metode Vignette: Peran Keragaman Kognitif dan Rasa Aman Psikologis]. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 39(1), e10. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v39i1.5775