Formulasi dan Uji Karakteristik Sabun Cair dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa)

Abstract
Sabun merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia dalam kehidupan sehari-hari sebagai agen pembersih untuk melawan kuman dan bakteri. Bahan baku sabun dapat terbuat dari bahan kimia maupun alami. Salah satu tanaman herbal seperti buah mahkota dewa dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tambahan dalam pembuatan sabun karena memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik dan cemaran mikroba pada sediaan sabun cair ekstrak mahkota dewa dengan rasio konsentrasi yang berbeda (4%, 8%, dan 12%). Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu eksperimental yang meliputi formulasi sediaan, pemeriksaan organoleptis, pH, viskositas, bobot jenis, angka lempeng total (ALT), dan hedonik. Hasil karakteristik sabun cair ekstrak buah mahkota yang diperoleh pada uji organoleptis berbentuk cairan dengan warna kecoklatan dan bau khas, pada uji pH pada sediaan sabun cair ekstrak buah mahkota dewa didapatkan hasil rentang 4 – 10, pada uji viskositas didapatkan hasil rentang 1484 - 3154 cPs, pada uji bobot jenis didapatkan rentang 1,03 - 1,14g/mL, pada uji ALT didapatkan cemaran 0,05. Hasil evaluasi karakteristik pH, viskositas, bobot jenis, dan hedonik menunjukkan tidak terdapat pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi terhadap parameter tersebut, sedangkan pada parameter tekstur dan warna terdapat pengaruh.
Soap is one of the basic human needs in everyday life as a cleaning agent to fight germs and bacteria. Soap raw materials can be made from chemical or natural materials. One of the herbal plants such as mahkota dewa fruit can be used as an additional in making soap because it has antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and microbial contamination in liquid soap preparations of mahkota dewa extract with different concentration ratios (4%, 8%, and 12%). The method in this study was experimental which included formula preparation, organoleptic, pH, viscosity, specific gravity, total plate count (ALT), and hedonic examination. The results of the characteristics of liquid soap extract of mahkota dewa fruit obtained in the organoleptic test were in the form of a brownish liquid and a distinctive odor, in the pH test on the liquid soap preparation of mahkota fruit extract, the results ranged from 4 to 10, in the viscosity test, the results ranged from 1484 to 3154 cPs, in the specific gravity test, the range was 1.03 - 1.14g/mL, in the ALT test, contamination was 0.05. The results of the evaluation of pH, viscosity, specific gravity, and hedonic characteristics showed that there was no effect of differences in concentration on these parameters, while there was an effect on the texture and color parameters.
Submitted: 28-04-2025, Revised: 18-06-2025, Accepted: 25-06-2025, Published regularly: June 2025
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