Mindful Parenting Based on Family Life Cycle [Mengasuh Berkesadaran Berdasarkan Tahap Perkembangan Keluarga]
DOI:
Abstract Views:
3027 times
PDF - Full Text Downloads:
1683 times
Abstract
Mindful parenting is marked by listening with full attention, speaking with full empathy, not being judgmental of the child, having emotional intelligence, being prudent and not behaving in an excessive fashion, and having welas asih (Javanese term for “compassion”). A style of mindful parenting assists in the formation of the early foundations of the life of a child, and gives rise to an optimal generation. The desired goal in this research was to determine a profile of mindful parenting, based upon the stages of family development. The data collection method used was exploratory interview, using a research and developmental approach. The participants in the research numbered 19 persons, consisting of 16 mothers and three fathers. The research results indicated that families in the stages from early child-raising (the eldest child being a newborn to 30 months of age), to that of the family with adolescent children (the eldest child being aged between 13 and 20 years) have applied mindful parenting. Application of mindful parenting to families at a number of stages has made a contribution to the psychological conditions of both parents and children. The positive contribution appears to be the attention and empathy of the parents to the children, so that the parents better comprehend the condition of the children. This emotional awareness, on the part of the parents, and also the children, also causes the emergence of attachment which becomes the foundation of social and emotional competence, when the child grows to maturity. This research also discovered that the extended family has an important role in supporting mindful parenting.
Pola asuh berkesadaran ditandai dengan mendengarkan dengan penuh perhatian, berbicara dengan penuh empati, tidak menghakimi anak, memiliki kecerdasan emosional, bijaksana dan tidak berlebihan, serta memiliki welas asih (istilah Bahasa Jawa untuk “kasih sayang” atau “rasa iba”). Pola asuh berkesadaran membantu terbentuknya fondasi awal kehidupan anak dan memunculkan generasi yang optimal. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui profil pola asuh berkesadaran berdasarkan tahap perkembangan keluarga. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara eksploratori dengan pendekatan riset dan pengembangan. Partisipan penelitian berjumlah 19 orang yang terdiri dari 16 orang ibu serta tiga orang ayah. Hasil wawancara menunjukkan keluarga yang sedang berada pada tahap mengasuh anak (anak tertua adalah bayi sampai umur 30 bulan) hingga keluarga dengan anak remaja (anak tertua berumur 13 hingga 20 tahun) telah menerapkan pola asuh berkesadaran. Penerapan pola asuh berkesadaran pada keluarga di berbagai tahapan perkembangan memberikan kontribusi positif bagi kondisi psikologis orang tua dan anak. Kontribusi positif tersebut tampak dari adanya perhatian dan empati dari orangtua terhadap anak sehingga orangtua lebih memahami kondisi anaknya. Kesadaran emosional ini dari pihak orangtua dan anak juga mendorong munculnya kelekatan yang menjadi fondasi kompetensi sosial dan emosional saat anak bertumbuh dewasa. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa extended family memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung pengasuhan berkesadaran.
Received 21 April 2017; Accepted 7 September 2018; Published 25 October 2019.
Downloads
References
Ainsworth, M. S., & Bowlby, J. (1991). An ethological approach to personality. American Psychologist, 46(4), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.46.4.333
Ayuningsih, D. (2011). Psikologi perkembangan anak: Pola pendidikan sesuai karakter dan kepribadian anak [Child development psychology: Education pattern in accordance to child’s character and personality]. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Larasati.
Biro Hubungan Masyarakat (Humas) dan Protokol Sekretariat Daerah Aceh (2015). Wagub: Kasus kekerasan anak, imbas dari kesalahan pola asuh [Vice-governor: Child violence cases are results of incorrect parenting]. Humas Aceh. https://humas.acehprov.go.id/wagub-kasus-kekerasan-anak-imbas-dari-kesalahan-pola-asuh/
Brooks, J. (2011). The process of parenting (8th ed.) (R. Fajar, Trans.). Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Carr, A. (2006). Family therapy: Concepts, process and practice (2nd ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Family+Therapy%3A+Concepts%2C+Process+and+Practice%2C+2nd+Edition-p-9780470713051
Colin, V. L. (1996). Human attachment. New York: The McGraw-Hill Book Company. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1996-98222-000
Darminto, E. (2013). Penggunaan pair counselling untuk meningkatkan kemampuan perspective taking siswa [Usage of pair counselling in increasing students’ perspective taking ability]. Psympathic: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 6(1), 805-824. https://doi.org/10.15575/psy.v6i1.2137
Duncan, L. G., Coatsworth, J. D., & Greenberg, M. T. (2009). A model of mindful parenting: Implications for parent-child relationships and prevention research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 12(3), 255-270. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-009-0046-3
Eisenberg, N., Zhou, Q., Spinrad, T. L., Valiente, C., Fabes, R. A., & Liew, J. (2005). Relations among positive parenting, children’s effortful control, and externalizing problem: A three-wave longitudinal Study. Child Development, 76(5), 1055-1071. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2005.00897.x
Juffer, F., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Velderman, M. K., Breddels-van Baardewijk, P., Cassibba, R., Coppola, G., Bruno, S., Costantini, A., Gatto, S., Elia, L., Tota, A., Woolley, H., Hertzmann, L., Stein, A., Elicker, J., Georgescu, O., Bartsch, E., Mesman, J., Stolk, M. N., van Zeijl, J., Alink, L. R. A., & Koot, H. M. (2008). Promoting positive parenting: An attachment-based intervention (F. Juffer, M. J. Bakermans-Kranenburg, & M. H. van Ijzendoorn, Eds.). New York: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203809624
Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2003). Educational research: An introduction (7th ed). Boston: Allyn and Bacon. https://www.pearson.com/us/higher-education/product/Gall-Educational-Research-An-Introduction-7th-Edition/9780321081896.html
Goldenberg, H., & Goldenberg, I. (2008). Family therapy: An overview (7th ed.). Belmont: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
Handayani, A., & Munawar, M. (2014). Pengaruh pengasuh pengganti dalam mengoptimalkan tumbuh kembang anak [Effect of surrogate caregiver in optimalizing child growth]. In A. Fauzie, D. Mustami’ah, L. Arya, P. Aquarisnawati, & W. Sulistiani (Eds.), Prosiding: Seminar nasional dan temu ilmiah asosiasi psikologi pendidikan Indonesia IV “Pendidikan yang menumbuhkan insan pembelajar” [Proceeding: National seminar and scientific meeting of Indonesian educational psychology association IV “Education that develops the learning person”] (pp. 97-104). Surabaya: Fakultas Teknik dan Ilmu Kelautan - Universitas Hang Tuah.
Handayani, A., Afiatin, T., Adiyanti, M.G., & Himam, F. (2017). Model keseimbangan kerja-keluarga pada ibu bekerja [Work-family balance model on working mothers] [Unpublished Doctoral’s dissertation, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. Perpustakaan Universitas Gadjah Mada - Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/108037
Hastuti, D. (2015). Pengasuhan: Teori, prinsip dan aplikasinya di Indonesia [Caregiving: Theory, principle, and application in Indonesia]. Bogor: IPB Press.
Hsieh, R. L., Huang, H. Y., Lin, M. I., Wu, C. W., & Lee, W.-C. (2009). Quality of life, health satisfaction and family impact on caregivers of children with developmental delays. Child: Care, Health and Development, 35(2), 243-249. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2008.00927.x
Jatmikowati, T. E. (2018). Efektifitas komunikasi orang tua terhadap kepribadian intrapersonal anak [Effectiveness of parental communication on child’s intrapersonal personality]. PEDAGOGI: Jurnal Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.30651/pedagogi.v4i2.1936
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, F. P. (2012). Dinamika kelompok: Teori dan keterampilan (Edisi kesembilan) [Group dynamics: Theory and skills (9th ed.)] (Y. Susanti & Theresia, Trans.). Jakarta: PT Indeks. http://www.indeks-penerbit.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=260 Originally published 2006 as Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills (9th ed.).
Kartono, K. (2007). Psikologi anak (Psikologi perkembangan) [Child psychology (Developmental psychology)]. Bandung: CV Mandar Maju. http://mandarmaju.com/main/detail/214/Psikologi-Anak
King, L. A. (2013). The science of psychology: An appreciative view (3th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
MacMillan, K. M., & Violato, C. (2008). Pathway to competence: Parental adversity and the roles of parenting quality and social support. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 142(4), 427-444. https://doi.org/10.3200/JRPL.142.4.427-444
Mantiri, G. P., & Fitri, A. (2012). Pengaruh konformitas dan persepsi mengenai pola asuh otoriter orangtua terhadap kenakalan remaja (juvenile delinquency) [Effects of conformity and perception of authoritarian parenting style on juvenile delinquency]. Jurnal Psikologi Pendidikan dan Perkembangan, 1(2), 80-87. http://www.journal.unair.ac.id/filerPDF/abstrak_449753_tpjua.pdf
Moss, E., Cyr, C., Bureau, J.-F., Tarabulsy, G. M., & Dubois-Comtois, K. (2005). Stability of attachment during the preschool period. Developmental Psychology, 41(5), 773-783. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.41.5.773
Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar pendidikan anak usia dini (PAUD) (Edisi 5) [Basics of early childhood education (5th ed.)] (S. Romadhona & A. Widiastuti, Trans.). Jakarta: PT Indeks. http://www.indeks-penerbit.com/index.php?route=product/product&product_id=420 Originally published 2007 as Early Childhood Education Today (10th ed.).
Murphy, P. E., & Staples, W. A. (1979). A modernized family life cycle. Journal of Consumer Research, 6(1), 12-22. https://doi.org/10.1086/208744
Nurhamidah, & Retnowati, S. (2018). Efek program “Mindful Parenting” terhadap perubahan stres pengasuhan orang tua tunggal yang memiliki anak dengan disabilitas ganda [Effect of “Mindful Parenting” program on single parent with child with double disabilities’ parenting stress change]. Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GAMAJPP), 4(1), 62-72. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.45672 | https://jurnal.ugm.ac.id/gamajpp/article/view/45672
Oser, F. K., Scarlett, W. G., & Bucher, A. (2006). Religious and spiritual development throughout the life span. In R. M. Lerner & W. Damon (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Theoretical models of human development (pp. 942–998). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2006-08774-017
Pravitasari, T. (2012). Pengaruh persepsi pola asuh permisif orang tua terhadap perilaku membolos [Effect on permissive parenting style on truancy]. Educational Psychology Journal, 1(1), 1-8. https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/epj/article/view/2656
Pomerantz, E. M., Grolnick, W. S., & Price, C. E. (2005). The role of parents in how children approach achievement: A dynamic process perspective. In A. J. Elliot & C. S Dweck (Eds.), Handbook of competence and motivation (pp. 259-296). New York: Guilford Publications. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2005-08058-015
Prihandini, G. R., Boediman, L. M., Azizah, L. N., Kristiyani, V., & Gistilisanda, F. H. (2019). Pengembangan alat ukur Mindful Parenting untuk orang tua dari remaja di Indonesia [The development of Mindful Parenting’s Scale for parents with adolescent in Indonesia]. Jurnal Psikogenesis, 7(2), 215-227. https://doi.org/10.24854/jps.v7i2.783 | http://academicjournal.yarsi.ac.id/index.php/Jurnal-Online-Psikogenesis/article/view/783
Santrock, J. W. (2002). Life span development (Perkembangan masa hidup) (Edisi kelima) [Life span development (5th ed.)] (A. Chusairi & J. Damanik, Trans.). Jakarta: Erlangga.
Santrock, J. W. (2007). Remaja (Edisi 11) [Adolescent (11th ed.)] (B. Widyasinta, Trans.). Jakarta: Erlangga.
Setiono, K. (2011). Psikologi keluarga [Family psychology]. Bandung: PT. Alumni.
Shaver, P. R., & Mikulincer, M. (2012). Attachment theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theory of social psychology (vol. 1, pp. 160-179). Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249215
Siegel, D. J., & Hartzell, M. (2003). Parenting from the inside out: How a deeper self-understanding can help you raise children who thrive. New York: TarcherPerigee. https://www.drdansiegel.com/books/parenting_from_the_inside_out/
Sofyan, I. (2018). Mindful parenting: Strategi membangun pengasuhan positif dalam keluarga [Mindful parenting: Strategy in building positive parenting in family]. Journal of Early Childhood Care & Education, 1(2), 41-47. https://doi.org/10.26555/jecce.v1i2.241
Sukmadinata, N. S. (2008). Metode penelitian pendidikan: Penelitian memberikan deskripsi, eksplanasi, prediksi, inovasi, dan juga dasar-dasar teoretis bagi pengembangan pendidikan [Educational research methods: Research provides description, explanation, prediction, innovation, and also theoretical foundations for educational development]. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
Vieira, J. M., Ávila, M., & Matos, P. M. (2012). Attachment and parenting: The mediating role of work-family balance in Portuguese parents of preschool children. Family Relations: Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Science, 61(1), 31-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00680.x
Wahyuni, Y. T., & Abidin, Z. (2015). Pengalaman hidup lansia yang mengasuh cucu: Studi kualitatif fenomenologis dengan interpretative phenomenological analysis. Empati, 4(4), 8-14. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/empati/article/view/13393
Yusuf, S. (2011). Psikologi perkembangan anak dan remaja [Child and adolescent development psychology]. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Articles published in ANIMA are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. You are free to copy, transform, or redistribute articles for any lawful, non-commercial purpose in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to ANIMA and the original Author(s), link to the license, indicate if changes were made, and redistribute any derivative work under the same license.
Copyright on articles is retained by the respective Author(s), without restrictions. A non-exclusive license is granted to ANIMA to publish the article and identify itself as its original publisher, along with the commercial right to include the article in a hardcopy issue for sale to libraries and individuals.
By publishing in ANIMA, Author(s) grant any third party the right to use their article to the extent provided by the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.
