An Equal Match: Simultaneous vs. Sequential Methods in Face Testimony Accuracy
[Setara: Metode Simultaneous vs. Sequential Dalam Keakuratan Kesaksian Wajah]
DOI:
Abstract Views:
267 times
PDF - Full Text Downloads:
109 times
Abstract
The number of crimes in Indonesia has increased since 2014. In each crime, there are usually witnesses who testify. Witnesses are important in every process, starting from investigation, prosecution, and trial. There are two methods commonly used in the process of identifying facial testimony, namely the simultaneous method and the sequential method. This study is a quantitative experimental research study that aims to determine differences in the accuracy of testimonies using the simultaneous and sequential methods, with undergraduate students as participants. The results of the cross-tabulation of the accuracy of testimony using the simultaneous and sequential methods (p = .335; p > .05) showed that the accuracy of the testimony was not affected. Correlation tests were also performed on the accuracy of testimony and confidence using the biserial point correlation test. Correlation test results (r = .051; p > .05) show that eyewitness’ confidence is not related to the accuracy of testimony.
Jumlah tindak kejahatan di Indonesia meningkat sejak tahun 2014. Pada tiap tindak kejahatan biasanya terdapat saksi yang memberikan kesaksian. Saksi adalah penting dalam setiap proses, mulai dari penyidikan, penuntutan, dan pengadilan. Terdapat dua metode yang umum digunakan saat proses identifikasi kesaksian wajah, yaitu metode simultaneous dan metode sequential. Studi ini merupakan studi penelitian kuantitatif eksperimen yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan keakuratan kesaksian dengan metode simultaneous dan metode sequential, dengan partisipan mahasiswa dan mahasiswi program sarjana. Hasil tabulasi silang keakuratan kesaksian dengan metode simultaneous dan metode sequential (p = 0,335; p > 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa keakuratan kesaksian tidak dipengaruhi oleh kedua metode. Uji korelasi juga dilakukan terhadap keakuratan kesaksian dan keyakinan diri menggunakan uji korelasi poin biserial. Hasil uji korelasi (r = 0,051; p > 0,05) menunjukkan bahwa keyakinan diri saksi mata tidak terkait dengan keakuratan kesaksian.
Downloads
References
Ancok, D. (1995). Nuansa psikologi pembangunan [Nuance of construction psychology]. Pustaka Pelajar.
Amendola, K. L., & Wixted, J. T. (2015). Comparing the diagnostic accuracy of suspect identifications made by actual eyewitnesses from simultaneous and sequential lineups in a randomized field trial. Journal of Experimental Criminology, 11(2), 263-284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11292-014-9219-2
Areh, I. (2011). Gender-related differences in eyewitness testimony. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(5), 559-563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.11.027
Badan Pusat Statistik [Statistics Indonesia]. (2017). Statistik kriminal 2017 [Crime statistics 2017]. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2017/12/22/197562b7ad0ced87c08fada5/statistik-kriminal-2017.html
Badan Pusat Statistik [Statistics Indonesia]. (2019). Statistik kriminal 2019 [Crime statistics 2019]. Badan Pusat Statistik. https://www.bps.go.id/publication/2019/12/12/66c0114edb7517a33063871f/statistik-kriminal-2019.html
Calder, A. J., Lawrence, A. D., & Young, A. W. (2001). Neurophysiology of fear and loathing. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 2(5), 352-363. https://doi.org/10.1038/35072584
Canter, D., Hammond, L., & Youngs, D. (2013). Cognitive bias in line-up identifications: The impact of administrator knowledge. Science & Justice, 53(2), 83-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2012.12.001
Carlson, C. A. (2011). Influence of a perpetrator’s distinctive facial feature on eyewitness identification from simultaneous versus sequential lineups. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 7(2), 77-92. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-04033-002
Dobolyi, D. G., & Dodson, C. S. (2013). Eyewitness confidence in simultaneous and sequential lineups: A criterion shift account for sequential mistaken identification overconfidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 19(4), 345-357. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034596
Heryani, W. (2011). Pendekatan psikologi hukum terhadap aspek kesaksian mata (eyewitness) [The approach of law psychology regarding eyewitness aspects]. Amanna Gappa, 19(3), 239-249.
Humphries, J. E., Holliday, R. E., & Flowe, H. D. (2012). Faces in motion: Age-related changes in eyewitness identification performance in simultaneous, sequential, and elimination video lineups. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 26(1), 149-158. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.1808
KaYan., Ginting, H., & Cakrangadinata. (2016). It is fear, not disgust, that enhances memory: Experimental study on students in Bandung. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 31(2), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v31i2.566
Krusemark, E. A., & Li, W. (2011). Do all threats work the same way? Divergent effect of fear and disgust on sensory perception and attention. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(9), 3429-3434. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4394-10.2011
Lindsay, R. C. L., Pozzulo, J. D., Craig, W., Lee, K., & Corber, S. (1997). Simultaneous lineups, sequential lineups, and showups: Eyewitness identification decisions of adults and children. Law and Human Behavior, 21(4), 391-404. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024807202926
Loftus, E. F. (2019). Eyewitness testimony. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 33(4), 498-503. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3542
Longstaff, M. G., & Belz, G. K. (2020). Sex differences in eyewitness memory: Females are more accurate than males for details related to people and less accurate for details surrounding them, and feel more anxious and threatened in a neutral but potentially threatening context. Personality and Individual Differences, 164:110093. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2020.110093
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia [The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia]. (1981). Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 Tentang Hukum Acara Pidana (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana - KUHAP) [Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Number 8 Year 1981 Regarding Procedural Crime Law (Constitution Book of Procedural Crime Law)]. Jaringan Dokumentasi dan Informasi Hukum Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. Retrieved November 15, 2021, from https://jdih.mahkamahagung.go.id/storage/uploads/produk_hukum/file/KUHAP.pdf
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia [The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia]. (2016). Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Calang Nomor 18/Pid.B/2016/PN Cag. Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/pengadilan/profil/pengadilan/pn-calang.html
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia [The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia]. (2017a). Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Padang Sidempuan Nomor 16/PID.B/2017/PN Psp. Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/pengadilan/profil/pengadilan/pn-padang-sidempuan.html
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia [The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia]. (2017b). Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Ciamis Nomor 53/Pid.B/2017/PN Cms. Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/pengadilan/profil/pengadilan/pn-ciamis.html
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia [The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia]. (2017c). Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Palu Nomor 117/Pid.B/2017/PN Pal. Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/pengadilan/profil/pengadilan/pn-palu.html
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia [The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia]. (2017d). Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Wonogiri Nomor 143/Pid.B/2017/PN Wng. Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/pengadilan/profil/pengadilan/pn-wonogiri.html
Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia [The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia]. (2017e). Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Batam Nomor 648/Pid.B/2017/PN Btm. Direktori Putusan Mahkamah Agung Republik Indonesia. https://putusan3.mahkamahagung.go.id/pengadilan/profil/pengadilan/pn-batam.html McQuiston-Surrett, D., Malpass, R. S., & Tredoux, C. G. (2006). Sequential vs. simultaneous lineups: A review of methods, data, and theory. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 12(2), 137-169. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8971.12.2.137
Palmer, M. A., & Brewer, N. (2012). Sequential lineup presentation promotes less-biased criterion setting but does not improve discriminability. Law and Human Behavior, 36(3), 247-255. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0093923
Rahayu, Y. P. (2005). Di balik putusan hakim: Kajian psikologi hukum dalam perkara pidana [Behind judges’ decision: Study of law psychology in crime cases]. Citramedia.
Seale-Carlisle, T. M., Wetmore, S. A., Flowe, H. D., & Mickes, L. (2019). Designing police lineups to maximize memory performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 25(3), 410-430. https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000222
Steblay, N., Dysart, J., Fulero, S., & Lindsay, R. C. L. (2001). Eyewitness accuracy rates in sequential and simultaneous lineup presentations: A meta-analytic comparison. Law and Human Behavior, 25(5), 459-473. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1012888715007
Wells, G. L., & Loftus, E. F. (2013). Eyewitness memory for people and events. In R. K. Otto & I. B. Weiner (Eds.), Handbook of psychology: Forensic psychology (pp. 617-629). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-28467-025
Wells, G. L., Malpass, R. S., Lindsay, R. C., Fisher, R. P., Turtle, J. W., & Fulero, S. M. (2000). From the lab to the police station: A successful application of eyewitness research. American Psychologist, 55(6), 581-598. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.6.581
Wells, G. L., Steblay, N. K., & Dysart, J. E. (2015). Double-blind photo lineups using actual eyewitnesses: An experimental test of a sequential versus simultaneous lineup procedure. Law and Human Behavior, 39(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000096
Wixted, J. T., & Wells, G. L. (2017). The relationship between eyewitness confidence and identification accuracy: A new synthesis. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 18(1), 10-65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100616686966
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Articles published in ANIMA are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. You are free to copy, transform, or redistribute articles for any lawful, non-commercial purpose in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to ANIMA and the original Author(s), link to the license, indicate if changes were made, and redistribute any derivative work under the same license.
Copyright on articles is retained by the respective Author(s), without restrictions. A non-exclusive license is granted to ANIMA to publish the article and identify itself as its original publisher, along with the commercial right to include the article in a hardcopy issue for sale to libraries and individuals.
By publishing in ANIMA, Author(s) grant any third party the right to use their article to the extent provided by the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.
