Dynamics of the Emergence of Upstander Behavior in the Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) Process in Survivors of Sexual Violence
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Abstract
Survivors of sexual violence who experience posttraumatic growth (PTG) have the potential to exhibit upstander behavior. This behavior can strengthen the posttraumatic growth (PTG) process experienced, in order to achieve optimal growth. This study aims to identify at what stage in the posttraumatic growth (PTG) process upstander behavior appears, understand the process of its occurrence, and evaluate its impact. This study is a qualitative research study with case analysis. Data collection utilized a posttraumatic growth (PTG) interview guide and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Screening tests were conducted utilizing the Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS) to select participants based on age when experiencing sexual violence, as well as resilience and self-functioning in the past month. This study involved three participants who experienced sexual violence over the age of nine, reported resilience and self-functioning, and had engaged in upstander behavior. Data processing utilized thematic analysis. The results of this study indicate that upstander behavior appears at the automatic and intrusive rumination, manage emotional distress, and deliberate rumination stages in the posttraumatic growth (PTG) process. Upstander behavior at the automatic and intrusive rumination stages can lead to unintended negative consequences, based on the experiences of study participants. In contrast, at the manage emotional distress and deliberate rumination stages, it can support the progress of posttraumatic growth (PTG). The differences in these situations are greatly influenced by subjective norms regarding behavior and the presence or absence of perceived behavioral control and adequate actual control.
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