Communication Apprehension: Evaluation of Use of the Indonesian Language Version of the PRCA-24 [Kecemasan Komunikasi: Evaluasi Penggunaan PRCA-24 Versi Bahasa Indonesia]
DOI:
Abstract Views:
2081 times
PDF - Full Text Downloads:
1893 times
Abstract
Communication apprehension (CA) is the anxiety of an individual associated with actual or anticipated communication with others. The Personal Report of Communication Apprehension - 24 Items Version (PRCA-24) is a measurement implement constructed to measure the level of CA of an individual. This research was aimed at the evaluation of the use of the PRCA-24 within the context of research in Indonesia. The participants in the research comprised 336 undergraduate program university students, in an Indonesian university. The evaluation of this implement of measurement used, as an evidence source, validity, based upon internal consistency (analysis of the factors of exploration and reliability testing), and relatedness to another variable, i.e., assertiveness. Assertiveness was selected as the external variable, which predisposes people to communications apprehension behavior, and is measured using the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS). The results of the factor analysis and reliability testing indicated the dependability of the PRCA-24. This measurement implement also had positive and significant correlations with the variable of predisposition. This research produced implications for use of the PRCA-24 in a variety of different contexts, which will be further discussed in this paper.
Communication apprehension (CA) adalah kecemasan individu yang berasosiasi dengan komunikasi yang nyata atau yang sedang diantisipasi terhadap orang lain. Personal Report of Communication Apprehension-24 items version (PRCA-24) adalah alat ukur yang dikonstruksikan untuk mengukur tingkat CA individu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan PRCA-24 pada konteks penelitian di Indonesia. Partisipan penelitian adalah 336 mahasiswa program sarjana di suatu perguruan tinggi di Indonesia. Evaluasi alat ukur menggunakan sumber bukti validitas berdasarkan konsistensi internal (analisis faktor eksploratori dan pengujian reliabilitas), dan hubungan dengan variabel lain, yaitu asertivitas. Asertivitas dipilih sebagai variabel eksternal yang menjadi predisposisi perilaku CA dan diukur dengan menggunakan Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS). Hasil analisis faktor dan pengujian reliabilitas menunjukkan kehandalan PRCA-24. Alat ukur ini juga berkorelasi positif dan signifikan dengan variabel predisposisi. Penelitian ini membawa implikasi berupa penggunaan PRCA-24 dalam berbagai konteks yang berbeda-beda yang akan dibahas lebih lanjut pada tulisan ini.
Received 17 July 2019; Accepted 15 September 2019; Published 25 October 2019.
Downloads
References
American Educational Research Association [AERA], American Psychological Association [APA], & National Council on Measurement in Education [NCME]. (1999). Standards for educational and psychological testing. Washington, D. C.: American Educational Research Association [AERA]. https://www.apa.org/science/programs/testing/standards
Azwar, S. (2012). Penyusunan skala psikologi (Edisi 2) [Development of psychological scale (2nd ed.)]. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar. https://pustakapelajar.co.id/buku/penyusunan-skala-psikologi/
Bartholomay, E. M., & Houlihan, D. D. (2016). Public Speaking Anxiety Scale: Preliminary psychometric data and scale validation. Personality and Individual Differences, 94(May), 211-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.01.026
Bragg, J. R., Jr. (2017). Communication apprehension among community college students: A phenomenology [Unpublished Doctoral’s dissertation, East Tennessee State University]. Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University - Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3236/
Chen, Y. (2019). How does communication anxiety influence well-being? Examining the mediating roles of Preference for Online Social Interaction (POSI) and loneliness. International Journal of Communication, 13, 4795-4813. https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/9926
Croucher, S. M., Kelly, S., Rahmani, D., Jackson, K., Galy-Badenas, F., Lando, A., Chibita, M., Nyiranasbimana, V., Turdubaeva, E., Eskiçorapçı, N., Condon, S. M., Stanalieva, G., & Orunbekov, B. (2019). A multi-national validity analysis of the Personal Report of Communication Apprehension (PRCA-24). Annals of the International Communication Association, 43(3), 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/23808985.2019.1602783
Guntzviller, L. M., Yale, R. N., & Jensen, J. D. (2016). Foreign language communication anxiety outside of a classroom: Scale validation and curvilinear relationship with foreign language use. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47(4), 605-625. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022116635743
Jenerette, C., & Dixon, J. (2010). Developing a short form of the Simple Rathus Assertiveness Schedule using a sample of adults with Sickle Cell Disease. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 21(4), 314-324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659609360712
Klein, E. R., Armstrong, S. L., Skira, K., & Gordon, J. (2017). Social Communication Anxiety Treatment (S-CAT) for children and families with selective mutism: A pilot study. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 22(1), 90-108. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359104516633497
Lane, S. (2014). Validity evidence based on testing consequences. Psicothema, 26(1), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.258
Marcel, M. (2019). Communication apprehension across the career span. International Journal of Business Communication, OnlineFirst(June). https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488419856803
Marinho, A. C. F., de Medeiros, A. M., Gama, A. C. C., & Teixeira, L. C. (2017). Fear of public speaking: Perception of college students and correlates. Journal of Voice, 31(1), 127.e7-127.e11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2015.12.012
Molnar, D. & Crnjack, G. (2018). Exploring foreign language communication apprehension among the English language university students in the English language classroom setting. European Journal of Social Science Education and Research, 5(2), 27-39. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser.v5i2.p27-39
McCroskey, J. C., Richmond, V. P., Daly, J. A., & Cox, B. G. (1975). The effects of communication apprehension on interpersonal attraction. Human Communication Research, 2(1), 51-65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1975.tb00468.x
McCroskey, J. C. (1977). Oral communication apprehension: A summary of recent theory and research. Human Communication Research, 4(1), 78-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1977.tb00599.x
McCroskey, J. C. (1978). Validity of the PRCA as an index of oral communication apprehension. Communication Monographs, 45(3), 192-203. https://doi.org/10.1080/03637757809375965
McCroskey, J. C. (1984). The communication apprehension perspective. In J. A. Daly & J. C. McCroskey (Eds.), Avoiding communication: Shyness, reticence, and communication apprehension (pp. 13-38). Beverly Hills: Sage Publications. http://www.jamescmccroskey.com/publications/bookchapters/003_1984_C1.pdf
McCroskey, J. C., Beatty, M. J., Kearney, P., & Plax, T. G. (1985). The content validity of the PRCA-24 as a measure of communication apprehension across communication contexts. Communication Quarterly, 33(3), 165-173. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463378509369595
McCroskey, J. C. (2006). An introduction to rhetorical communication: A western cultural perspective (9th ed.). New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
Porter, D. T. (1981). An empirical appraisal of the PRCA for measuring oral communication apprehension. Human Communication Research, 8(1), 58-71. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1981.tb00656.x
Prakoso, Y. A. (2013). Jika “tidak” katakan, jika “ya” lakukan! Hubungan asertivitas dan prokrastinasi mahasiswa fakultas psikologi UBAYA [If “no” say it, if “yes” do it! The correlation between assertiveness and procrastination on faculty of psychology UBAYA students] [Unpublished Bachelor’s final research paper, Universitas Surabaya]. Faculty of Psychology Universitas Surabaya.
Rathus, R. A. (1973). A 30-item schedule for assessing assertive behavior. Behavior Therapy, 4(3), 398-406. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0005-7894(73)80120-0
Rios, J., & Wells, C. (2014). Validity evidence based on internal structure. Psicothema, 26(1), 108-116. https://doi.org/10.7334/psicothema2013.260
Siaputra, I. B., & Natalya, L. (2016). Teori dan praktek: Cara asyik belajar pengukuran psikologis [Theory and practice: The engaging way to learn psychological measurement]. Surabaya: Center for Lifelong Learning, Faculty of Psychology Universitas Surabaya.
Sugiarto, A. D., & Kasturi, T. (2017). Hubungan antara kestabilan emosi dengan kecemasan berbicara di depan umum [The correlation between emotional stability and public speaking anxiety] [Unpublished Doctoral’s dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta]. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta - Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository. http://eprints.ums.ac.id/53812/
Sutopo, E. Y., & Slamet, A (2017). Statistika inferensial [Inferential statistics]. Yogyakarta: Penerbit Andi.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Articles published in ANIMA are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. You are free to copy, transform, or redistribute articles for any lawful, non-commercial purpose in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to ANIMA and the original Author(s), link to the license, indicate if changes were made, and redistribute any derivative work under the same license.
Copyright on articles is retained by the respective Author(s), without restrictions. A non-exclusive license is granted to ANIMA to publish the article and identify itself as its original publisher, along with the commercial right to include the article in a hardcopy issue for sale to libraries and individuals.
By publishing in ANIMA, Author(s) grant any third party the right to use their article to the extent provided by the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.
