Physical Activity and Transformational Leadership as Predictors of the Psychological Well-Being of Working Mothers [Aktivitas Fisik dan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Sebagai Prediktor Kesejahteraan Psikologis Ibu Bekerja]
DOI:
Abstract Views:
1299 times
PDF - Full Text Downloads:
772 times
Keywords:
transformational leadership, kepemimpinan transformasional, physical activities, aktivitas fisik, predictors, prediktor, psychological well-being, kesejahteraan psikologis, working mothers, ibu bekerja
Abstract
The psychological well-being (PWB) of working mothers has an important influence both for family well-being and work performance. The increasing number of working women, and the existence of various changes in work, require a new explanation of the predictors of working mothers’ PWB. The purpose of this study was to examine the model of personal and interpersonal factors related to the PWB of working mothers, as mediated by work-family balance (WFB). The hypothesis of this study was a theoretical model stating the influence of physical activities and transformational leadership on PWB, through WFB, in accordance with empirical data. The subjects of the study were 536 working mothers of children, coming from Muslim communities and working under the directions of supervisors. The data collection used the Psychological Well-Being Scale, the Work-Family Balance Scale, the Physical Activities Scale, and the Scale of Perception of Transformational Leadership. The data analysis used the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The research results showed that physical activities and transformational leadership proved to have an effect upon the PWB of working mothers, through WFB.
Kesejahteraan psikologis (psychological well-being - PWB) ibu bekerja berpengaruh penting, baik untuk kesehatan keluarga dan kinerja dalam pekerjaan. Peningkatan jumlah ibu bekerja, beserta dengan perubahan dalam pekerjaan, memerlukan penjelasan baru atas prediktor kesejahteraan psikologis ibu bekerja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji model dari peran faktor personal dan interpersonal dalam kesejahteraan psikologis ibu bekerja, dimediasi oleh keseimbangan kerja-keluarga (work-family balance - WFB). Hipotesis penelitian ini adalah sebuah model teoretis yang menyatakan peran aktivitas fisik dan kepemimpinan transformasional mengenai kesejahteraan psikologis, melalui keseimbangan kerja-keluarga, berdasarkan data empiris. Subjek penelitian adalah 536 ibu bekerja yang sudah memiliki anak, dari komunitas Muslim, dan bekerja di bawah naungan supervisor. Pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan Skala Kesejahteraan Psikologis, Skala Keseimbangan Kerja-Keluarga, Skala Aktivitas Fisik, dan Skala Persepsi terhadap Kepemimpinan Transformasional. Data analisis menggunakan Model Persamaan Struktural (Structural Equation Model - SEM). Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa aktivitas fisik dan persepsi atas kepemimpinan transformasional berperan dalam kesejahteraan psikologis ibu bekerja, melalui keseimbangan kerja-keluarga.
Received 7 November 2018; Accepted 27 July 2019; Published 25 October 2019.
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.
References
Afiatin, T., Istianda, I. P., Wintoro, A. Y., Ulfah, L., & Bulo, F. M. (2016). Happiness of working mothers through family life stages. Anima Indonesian Psychological Journal, 31(3), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v31i3.569
Aghaei, A., Khayyamnekouei, Z., & Yousefy, A. (2013). General health prediction based on life orientation, quality of life, life satisfaction and age. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 569-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.605
Arnold, K. A., Turner, N., Barling, J., Kelloway, E. K., & McKee, M. C. (2007). Transformational leadership and psychological well-being: The mediating role of meaningful work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.193
Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS]. (2017). Laporan perekonomian Indonesia 2017 [Economic report of Indonesia in 2017]. https://www.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/Laporan-Perekonomian-Indonesia-2017--.pdf
Bass, B. M. & Avolio, B. J. (1993) Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40862298
Beutell, J. N. (2010). Work schedule, work schedule control and satisfaction in relation to work‐family conflict, work‐family synergy, and domain satisfaction. Career Development International, 15(5), 501-518. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431011075358
Boamah, S. A., Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2018). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. Nursing Outlook, 66(2), 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2017.10.004
Boehm, J. K., Soo, J., Chen, Y., Zevon, E. S., Hernandez, R., Lloyd-Jones, D., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2017). Psychological well-being’s link with cardiovascular health in older adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(6), 791-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.06.028
Boon, H. J., Cottrell, A., King, D., Stevenson, R. B., & Millar, J. (2012). Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory for modelling community resilience to natural disasters. Natural Hazards, 60(2), 381-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-0021-4
Bulgan, G. & Çiftçi, A. (2018). Work-family balance and psychosocial adjustment of married international students. Journal of International Students, 8(2), 1079-1107. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v8i2.133 | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1231390
Burin, P. (2016). Pertumbuhan jumlah pekerja perempuan meningkat [Growth in number of female workers increases]. Pos Kupang. http://kupang.tribunnews.com/2016/01/07/pertumbuhan-jumlah-pekerja-perempuan-meningkat
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Grzywacz, J. G., Tepper, B., & Whitten, D. (2013). Work-family balance and supervisor appraised citizenship behavior: The link of positive affect. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 14(2), 87-106. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-27861-003
Choochom, O., & Pattamacharoen, I. (2012). An analysis of work-family linkage and quality of life. International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 5(6), 551-558. http://www.universitypublications.net/ijas/0506/html/SNG52.xml
Christensen, J. (2016). A critical reflection of Bronfenbrenner´s development ecology model. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 69, 22-28. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2959.7681
Clayton, R. (2014). How regular exercise helps you balance work and family. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2014/01/how-regular-exercise-helps-you-balance-work-and-family
Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747-770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001
Fenton, S. A. M., Veldhuijzen van Zanten, J. J. C. S., Metsios, G. S., Rouse, P. C., Yu, C.-an, Kitas, G. D., & Duda, J. L. (2018). Autonomy support, light physical activity and psychological well-being in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A cross-sectional study. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 14, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.12.002
Fisher, J. L., Zvonkovic, A., Juergens, C., Engler, R., & Frederick, H. (2013). Work, family, and well-being at midlife: A person-centered approach. Journal of Family Issues, 36(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13488370
Gatti, E., Traficante, D., Ionio, C., & Confalonieri, E. (2014). “I like my body; therefore, I like myself”: How body image influences self-esteem a cross-sectional study on Italian adolescents. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 301-317. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i2.703
Ghozali, I. (2011). Model persamaan struktural dan aplikasi dengan program AMOS 21 [Structural equation model and application with AMOS 21 program]. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gözü, C., Anandarajan, M., & Simmers, C. A. (2015). Work-family role integration and personal well-being: The moderating effect of attitudes towards personal web usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.017
Grant, S., Fox, L. J., & Anglim, J. (2009). The big five traits as predictors of subjective and psychological well-being. Psychological Reports, 105(1), 205-213. https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.105.1.205-231
Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Suñe, A., Ollier-Malaterre, A., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014). Outcomes of work-life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 361-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.010
Hakim, L. (2011). Perkembangan tenaga kerja wanita di sektor formal: Hasil analisa dan proxy data sensus penduduk [Development of female work forces in formal sectors: Results of analysis and proxy data of citizenship census]. Among Makarti, 4(7), 20-32. http://jurnal.stieama.ac.id/index.php/ama/article/viewFile/31/28
Hammond, M., Cleveland, J. N., O’Neill, J. W., Stawski, R. S., & Tate, A. J. (2015). Mediators of transformational leadership and the work-family relationship. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(4), 454-469. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-10-2011-0090
Handayani, A., Afiatin, T., Adiyanti, M.G., & Himam, F. (2015). Factors impacting work family balance of working mothers, Anima Indonesian Psychological Journal, 30(4), 178-190. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v30i4.550
Handayani, A., Afiatin, T., Adiyanti, M.G., & Himam, F. (2017). Model keseimbangan kerja-keluarga pada ibu bekerja [Work-family balance model on working mothers] [Unpublished Doctoral’s dissertation, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. Perpustakaan Universitas Gadjah Mada - Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/108037
Hesamzadeh, A., Dalvandi, A., Maddah, S. B., Khoshknab, M. F., & Ahmadi, F. (2015). Family adaptation to stroke: A metasynthesis of qualitative research based on double ABCX model. Asian Nursing Research, 9(3), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2015.03.005
Hoffmann-Burdzińska, K. & Rutkowska, M. (2015). Work life balance as a factor influencing well-being. Journal of Positive Management, 6(4), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.12775/JPM.2015.024
Jaga, A., Bergraim, J., & Williams, Z. (2012). Work family enrichment and psychological health. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 39(2), Art. #1143. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1143
Joshanloo, M. (2016). Revisiting the empirical distinction between hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being using exploratory structural equation modeling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 2023-2036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9683-z
Kelloway, E. K., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Loughlin, C. (2012). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: The mediating role of employee trust in leadership. Work & Stress: An International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations, 26(1), 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2012.660774
Kim, J., Kim, Y., & Kim, D. (2017a). Improving well-being through hedonic, eudaimonic, and social needs fulfillment in sport media consumption. Sport Management Review, 20(3), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2016.10.001
Kim, E. S., Kubzansky, L. D., Soo, J., & Boehm, J. K. (2017b). Maintaining healthy behavior: A perspective study of psychological well-being and physical activity. Annals of Behavior Medicine, 51(3), 337-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9856-y
Kulesz, M. (2013). The acute effect of physical activity on work family conflict. Proceedings of the national Conference of Undergraduate Research (NCUR) 2013, April 11-13, 597-602. http://www.ncurproceedings.org/ojs/index.php/NCUR2013/article/view/404
Lang, S. N., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Kotila, L. E., Feng, X., Dush, C. M. K., & Johnson, S. C. (2014). Relations between fathers’ and mothers’ infant engagement patterns in dual-earner families and toddler competence. Journal of Family Issues, 35(8), 1107-1127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14522243
Lapa, T. Y. (2015). Physical activity levels and psychological well-being: A case study of university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 739-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.122
Li, J., & Yuan, B. (2017). Both angel and devil: The suppressing effect of transformational leadership on proactive employee’s career satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 65, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.06.008
Ludwig, K., & Rauch, W. A. (2018). Associations between physical activity, positive affect, and self-regulation during preschoolers’ everyday lives. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 15, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2018.07.002
Maltby, J. & Day, L. (2001). The relationship between exercise motives and psychological well-being. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 135(6), 651-660. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980109603726
McGaffin, B., Deane, F. P., & Kelly, P. J. (2017). Community participation and mental health prior to treatment. Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 10(2), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1108/ADD-10-2016-0017
McNamara, T. K., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., Matz-Costa, C., Brown, M., & Valcour, M. (2013). Across the continuum of satisfaction with work-family balance: Work hours, flexibility-fit, and work-family culture. Social Science Research, 42(2), 283-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.10.002
Michel, J. S., Pichler, S. & Newness, K. (2014). Integrating leader affect, leader work-family spill-over, and leadership. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 35(5), 410-428 https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-06-12-0074
Moreno-Murcia, J. A., Belando, N., Huéscar, E., & Torres, M. D. (2017). Social support, physical exercise and life satisfaction in women. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 49(3), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rlp.2016.08.002
Munir, R. I. S., Rahman, R. A., Malik, A. M. A., & Ma’amor, H. (2012). Relationship between transformational leadership and employee’ job satisfaction among the academic staff. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 885-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.215
Nafiah, N. U., & Afiatin, T. (2018). Peran persepsi kepemimpinan transformasional dan keseimbangan kerja-keluarga terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis ibu yang bekerja [Role of perceived transformational leadership and work-family balance on the psychological well-being of working mothers] [Unpublished Thesis’ manuscript, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. Perpustakaan Universitas Gadjah Mada - Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/home/detail_pencarian/156711
Nielsen, K., & Daniels, K. (2012). Does shared and differentiated transformational leadership predict followers’ working conditions and well-being? The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 383-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.001
Noor, N. M (2006). Malaysian women’s state of well-being: Empirical validation of a conceptual model. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146(1), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.146.1.95-115
Odle-Dusseau, H. N., Britt, T.W., & Bobko, P. (2012). Work-family balance, well-being, and organizational outcomes: Investigating actual versus desired work/family time discrepancies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27(3), 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-011-9246-1
Olson, D. H., DeFrain, J., & Skogrand, L. (2011). Marriages and families: Intimacy, diversity, and strengths (7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.
Page, K. M. & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2009) The 'what', 'why' and 'how' of employee well-being: A new model. Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 90(3), 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9270-3
Panatik, S. A. B., Badri, S. K. Z., Rajab, A., Rahman, H. A., & Shah, I. M. (2011). The impact of work family conflict on psychological well-being among school teachers in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1500-1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.390
Penggalih, B. N., & Afiatin, T. (2018). Peran aktivitas fisik dan keseimbangan kerja keluarga terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pada ibu bekerja [Role of physical activities and work-family balance on the psychological well-being of working mothers] [Unpublished Thesis’ manuscript, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. Perpustakaan Universitas Gadjah Mada - Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/home/detail_pencarian/156794
Phaneuf, J. É., Boudrias, J. S., Rousseau, V., & Brunelle, É. (2016). Personality and transformational leadership: The moderating effect of organizational context. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.052
Polaci, S. & Akdoğan, A. (2014). Psychological capital and performance: The mediating role of work family spillover dan psychological well-being. Business and Economic Research Journal, 5(1), 1-15. https://www.berjournal.com/psychological-capital-and-performance-the-mediating-role-of-work-family-spillover-and-psychological-well-being-2
Rote, A. E., Swartz, A. M., & Klos, L. A. (2013). Associations between lifestyle physical activity and body image attitudes among women. Women & Health, 53(3), 82-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2013.773956
Sathyanarayana, R. & Indla, V (2010). Work family or personal life: Why not all three? Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(4), 295-297. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.74301
Schueller-Weidekamm, C., & Kautzky-Willer, A. (2012). Challenges of work-life balance for women physicians/mother working in leadership positions. Gender Medicine, 9(4), 244-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genm.2012.04.002
Situmorang, N. Z. (2010). Subjective well-being in Indonesian women with multiple roles. In Center for Indigenous & Cultural Psychology Team (Eds.), Book of abstracts: The first international conference of indigenous & cultural psychology (p. 29). Yogyakarta: Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. https://cicp.psikologi.ugm.ac.id/books/
Sosik, J. J., Godshalk, V. M., Yammarino, F. J. (2004). Transformational leadership, learning goal orientation, and expectations for career success in mentor-protege relationship: A multiple levels of analysis perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(2), 241-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.003
Springer, K. W., Pudrovska, T., & Hauser, R. M. (2011). Does psychological well-being change with age? Longitudinal tests of age variations and further exploration of the multidimensionality of Ryff’s model of psychological well-being. Social Science Research, 40(1), 392-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.05.008
Sundar, V., Brucker, D. L., Pollack, M. A., & Chang, H. (2016). Community and social participation among adults with mobility impairments: A mixed methods study. Disability and Health Journal, 9(4), 682-691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.05.006
Tafvelin, S., Armelius, K., & Westerberg, K. (2011). Toward understanding the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership on well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 18(4), 480-492. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051811418342
Taşdelen-Karçkay, A., & Bakalım, O. (2017). The mediating effect of work–life balance on the relationship between work–family conflict and life satisfaction. Australian Journal of Career Development, 26(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416216682954
Thein, H. H., Austen, S., Currie, J., & Lewin, E. (2010). The impact of cultural context on the perception of work/family balance by professional women in Singapore and Hong Kong. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 10(3), 303-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595810384585
Wang, H., & Li, J. (2015). How obesity influences psychological well-being and emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of personal initiative. Personality and Individual Differences, 75, 135-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.020
Widhiarso, W. (2011). Berkenalan dengan pemaketan butir dalam Model Persamaan Struktural (SEM) [Getting to know the item packaging in Structural Equation Model (SEM)]. Wahyu Widhiarso - Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada. http://widhiarso.staff.ugm.ac.id/wp/berkenalan-dengan-pemaketan-butir-dalam-model-persamaan-struktural-sem/
Wood, S., & de Menezes, L. M. (2011). High involvement management, high-performance work systems and well-being. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(7), 1586-1610. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.561967
Yang,Y.-F. (2011). Leadership and change commitment in the life insurance service context in Taiwan: The mediating-moderating role of job satisfaction. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 112(3), 889-914. https://doi.org/10.2466/01.07.PMS.112.3.889-914
Aghaei, A., Khayyamnekouei, Z., & Yousefy, A. (2013). General health prediction based on life orientation, quality of life, life satisfaction and age. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84, 569-573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.605
Arnold, K. A., Turner, N., Barling, J., Kelloway, E. K., & McKee, M. C. (2007). Transformational leadership and psychological well-being: The mediating role of meaningful work. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 12, 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.12.3.193
Badan Pusat Statistik [BPS]. (2017). Laporan perekonomian Indonesia 2017 [Economic report of Indonesia in 2017]. https://www.bps.go.id/website/pdf_publikasi/Laporan-Perekonomian-Indonesia-2017--.pdf
Bass, B. M. & Avolio, B. J. (1993) Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40862298
Beutell, J. N. (2010). Work schedule, work schedule control and satisfaction in relation to work‐family conflict, work‐family synergy, and domain satisfaction. Career Development International, 15(5), 501-518. https://doi.org/10.1108/13620431011075358
Boamah, S. A., Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2018). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. Nursing Outlook, 66(2), 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2017.10.004
Boehm, J. K., Soo, J., Chen, Y., Zevon, E. S., Hernandez, R., Lloyd-Jones, D., & Kubzansky, L. D. (2017). Psychological well-being’s link with cardiovascular health in older adults. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(6), 791-798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2017.06.028
Boon, H. J., Cottrell, A., King, D., Stevenson, R. B., & Millar, J. (2012). Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological theory for modelling community resilience to natural disasters. Natural Hazards, 60(2), 381-408. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-0021-4
Bulgan, G. & Çiftçi, A. (2018). Work-family balance and psychosocial adjustment of married international students. Journal of International Students, 8(2), 1079-1107. https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v8i2.133 | https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1231390
Burin, P. (2016). Pertumbuhan jumlah pekerja perempuan meningkat [Growth in number of female workers increases]. Pos Kupang. http://kupang.tribunnews.com/2016/01/07/pertumbuhan-jumlah-pekerja-perempuan-meningkat
Carlson, D. S., Kacmar, K. M., Grzywacz, J. G., Tepper, B., & Whitten, D. (2013). Work-family balance and supervisor appraised citizenship behavior: The link of positive affect. Journal of Behavioral and Applied Management, 14(2), 87-106. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2013-27861-003
Choochom, O., & Pattamacharoen, I. (2012). An analysis of work-family linkage and quality of life. International Journal of Arts and Sciences, 5(6), 551-558. http://www.universitypublications.net/ijas/0506/html/SNG52.xml
Christensen, J. (2016). A critical reflection of Bronfenbrenner´s development ecology model. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 69, 22-28. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2959.7681
Clayton, R. (2014). How regular exercise helps you balance work and family. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2014/01/how-regular-exercise-helps-you-balance-work-and-family
Clark, S. C. (2000). Work/family border theory: A new theory of work/family balance. Human Relations, 53(6), 747-770. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726700536001
Fenton, S. A. M., Veldhuijzen van Zanten, J. J. C. S., Metsios, G. S., Rouse, P. C., Yu, C.-an, Kitas, G. D., & Duda, J. L. (2018). Autonomy support, light physical activity and psychological well-being in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A cross-sectional study. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 14, 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2017.12.002
Fisher, J. L., Zvonkovic, A., Juergens, C., Engler, R., & Frederick, H. (2013). Work, family, and well-being at midlife: A person-centered approach. Journal of Family Issues, 36(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13488370
Gatti, E., Traficante, D., Ionio, C., & Confalonieri, E. (2014). “I like my body; therefore, I like myself”: How body image influences self-esteem a cross-sectional study on Italian adolescents. Europe's Journal of Psychology, 10(2), 301-317. https://doi.org/10.5964/ejop.v10i2.703
Ghozali, I. (2011). Model persamaan struktural dan aplikasi dengan program AMOS 21 [Structural equation model and application with AMOS 21 program]. Semarang: Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gözü, C., Anandarajan, M., & Simmers, C. A. (2015). Work-family role integration and personal well-being: The moderating effect of attitudes towards personal web usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 52, 159-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.017
Grant, S., Fox, L. J., & Anglim, J. (2009). The big five traits as predictors of subjective and psychological well-being. Psychological Reports, 105(1), 205-213. https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.105.1.205-231
Haar, J. M., Russo, M., Suñe, A., Ollier-Malaterre, A., & Ollier-Malaterre, A. (2014). Outcomes of work-life balance on job satisfaction, life satisfaction and mental health: A study across seven cultures. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 85(3), 361-373. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2014.08.010
Hakim, L. (2011). Perkembangan tenaga kerja wanita di sektor formal: Hasil analisa dan proxy data sensus penduduk [Development of female work forces in formal sectors: Results of analysis and proxy data of citizenship census]. Among Makarti, 4(7), 20-32. http://jurnal.stieama.ac.id/index.php/ama/article/viewFile/31/28
Hammond, M., Cleveland, J. N., O’Neill, J. W., Stawski, R. S., & Tate, A. J. (2015). Mediators of transformational leadership and the work-family relationship. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 30(4), 454-469. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-10-2011-0090
Handayani, A., Afiatin, T., Adiyanti, M.G., & Himam, F. (2015). Factors impacting work family balance of working mothers, Anima Indonesian Psychological Journal, 30(4), 178-190. https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v30i4.550
Handayani, A., Afiatin, T., Adiyanti, M.G., & Himam, F. (2017). Model keseimbangan kerja-keluarga pada ibu bekerja [Work-family balance model on working mothers] [Unpublished Doctoral’s dissertation, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. Perpustakaan Universitas Gadjah Mada - Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/108037
Hesamzadeh, A., Dalvandi, A., Maddah, S. B., Khoshknab, M. F., & Ahmadi, F. (2015). Family adaptation to stroke: A metasynthesis of qualitative research based on double ABCX model. Asian Nursing Research, 9(3), 177-184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2015.03.005
Hoffmann-Burdzińska, K. & Rutkowska, M. (2015). Work life balance as a factor influencing well-being. Journal of Positive Management, 6(4), 87-101. https://doi.org/10.12775/JPM.2015.024
Jaga, A., Bergraim, J., & Williams, Z. (2012). Work family enrichment and psychological health. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology/SA Tydskrif vir Bedryfsielkunde, 39(2), Art. #1143. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v39i2.1143
Joshanloo, M. (2016). Revisiting the empirical distinction between hedonic and eudaimonic aspects of well-being using exploratory structural equation modeling. Journal of Happiness Studies, 17, 2023-2036. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-015-9683-z
Kelloway, E. K., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Loughlin, C. (2012). Transformational leadership and employee psychological well-being: The mediating role of employee trust in leadership. Work & Stress: An International Journal of Work, Health & Organisations, 26(1), 39-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678373.2012.660774
Kim, J., Kim, Y., & Kim, D. (2017a). Improving well-being through hedonic, eudaimonic, and social needs fulfillment in sport media consumption. Sport Management Review, 20(3), 309-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smr.2016.10.001
Kim, E. S., Kubzansky, L. D., Soo, J., & Boehm, J. K. (2017b). Maintaining healthy behavior: A perspective study of psychological well-being and physical activity. Annals of Behavior Medicine, 51(3), 337-347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12160-016-9856-y
Kulesz, M. (2013). The acute effect of physical activity on work family conflict. Proceedings of the national Conference of Undergraduate Research (NCUR) 2013, April 11-13, 597-602. http://www.ncurproceedings.org/ojs/index.php/NCUR2013/article/view/404
Lang, S. N., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Kotila, L. E., Feng, X., Dush, C. M. K., & Johnson, S. C. (2014). Relations between fathers’ and mothers’ infant engagement patterns in dual-earner families and toddler competence. Journal of Family Issues, 35(8), 1107-1127. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X14522243
Lapa, T. Y. (2015). Physical activity levels and psychological well-being: A case study of university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 186, 739-743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.122
Li, J., & Yuan, B. (2017). Both angel and devil: The suppressing effect of transformational leadership on proactive employee’s career satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 65, 59-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.06.008
Ludwig, K., & Rauch, W. A. (2018). Associations between physical activity, positive affect, and self-regulation during preschoolers’ everyday lives. Mental Health and Physical Activity, 15, 63-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2018.07.002
Maltby, J. & Day, L. (2001). The relationship between exercise motives and psychological well-being. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 135(6), 651-660. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980109603726
McGaffin, B., Deane, F. P., & Kelly, P. J. (2017). Community participation and mental health prior to treatment. Advances in Dual Diagnosis, 10(2), 57-70. https://doi.org/10.1108/ADD-10-2016-0017
McNamara, T. K., Pitt-Catsouphes, M., Matz-Costa, C., Brown, M., & Valcour, M. (2013). Across the continuum of satisfaction with work-family balance: Work hours, flexibility-fit, and work-family culture. Social Science Research, 42(2), 283-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.10.002
Michel, J. S., Pichler, S. & Newness, K. (2014). Integrating leader affect, leader work-family spill-over, and leadership. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 35(5), 410-428 https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-06-12-0074
Moreno-Murcia, J. A., Belando, N., Huéscar, E., & Torres, M. D. (2017). Social support, physical exercise and life satisfaction in women. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 49(3), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rlp.2016.08.002
Munir, R. I. S., Rahman, R. A., Malik, A. M. A., & Ma’amor, H. (2012). Relationship between transformational leadership and employee’ job satisfaction among the academic staff. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 885-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.215
Nafiah, N. U., & Afiatin, T. (2018). Peran persepsi kepemimpinan transformasional dan keseimbangan kerja-keluarga terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis ibu yang bekerja [Role of perceived transformational leadership and work-family balance on the psychological well-being of working mothers] [Unpublished Thesis’ manuscript, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. Perpustakaan Universitas Gadjah Mada - Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/home/detail_pencarian/156711
Nielsen, K., & Daniels, K. (2012). Does shared and differentiated transformational leadership predict followers’ working conditions and well-being? The Leadership Quarterly, 23(3), 383-397. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.09.001
Noor, N. M (2006). Malaysian women’s state of well-being: Empirical validation of a conceptual model. The Journal of Social Psychology, 146(1), 95-115. https://doi.org/10.3200/SOCP.146.1.95-115
Odle-Dusseau, H. N., Britt, T.W., & Bobko, P. (2012). Work-family balance, well-being, and organizational outcomes: Investigating actual versus desired work/family time discrepancies. Journal of Business and Psychology, 27(3), 331-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-011-9246-1
Olson, D. H., DeFrain, J., & Skogrand, L. (2011). Marriages and families: Intimacy, diversity, and strengths (7th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.
Page, K. M. & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2009) The 'what', 'why' and 'how' of employee well-being: A new model. Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, 90(3), 441-458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-008-9270-3
Panatik, S. A. B., Badri, S. K. Z., Rajab, A., Rahman, H. A., & Shah, I. M. (2011). The impact of work family conflict on psychological well-being among school teachers in Malaysia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 1500-1507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.390
Penggalih, B. N., & Afiatin, T. (2018). Peran aktivitas fisik dan keseimbangan kerja keluarga terhadap kesejahteraan psikologis pada ibu bekerja [Role of physical activities and work-family balance on the psychological well-being of working mothers] [Unpublished Thesis’ manuscript, Universitas Gadjah Mada]. Perpustakaan Universitas Gadjah Mada - Electronic Theses and Dissertations Repository. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/home/detail_pencarian/156794
Phaneuf, J. É., Boudrias, J. S., Rousseau, V., & Brunelle, É. (2016). Personality and transformational leadership: The moderating effect of organizational context. Personality and Individual Differences, 102, 30-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.052
Polaci, S. & Akdoğan, A. (2014). Psychological capital and performance: The mediating role of work family spillover dan psychological well-being. Business and Economic Research Journal, 5(1), 1-15. https://www.berjournal.com/psychological-capital-and-performance-the-mediating-role-of-work-family-spillover-and-psychological-well-being-2
Rote, A. E., Swartz, A. M., & Klos, L. A. (2013). Associations between lifestyle physical activity and body image attitudes among women. Women & Health, 53(3), 82-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2013.773956
Sathyanarayana, R. & Indla, V (2010). Work family or personal life: Why not all three? Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(4), 295-297. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.74301
Schueller-Weidekamm, C., & Kautzky-Willer, A. (2012). Challenges of work-life balance for women physicians/mother working in leadership positions. Gender Medicine, 9(4), 244-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genm.2012.04.002
Situmorang, N. Z. (2010). Subjective well-being in Indonesian women with multiple roles. In Center for Indigenous & Cultural Psychology Team (Eds.), Book of abstracts: The first international conference of indigenous & cultural psychology (p. 29). Yogyakarta: Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada. https://cicp.psikologi.ugm.ac.id/books/
Sosik, J. J., Godshalk, V. M., Yammarino, F. J. (2004). Transformational leadership, learning goal orientation, and expectations for career success in mentor-protege relationship: A multiple levels of analysis perspective. The Leadership Quarterly, 15(2), 241-261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2004.02.003
Springer, K. W., Pudrovska, T., & Hauser, R. M. (2011). Does psychological well-being change with age? Longitudinal tests of age variations and further exploration of the multidimensionality of Ryff’s model of psychological well-being. Social Science Research, 40(1), 392-398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2010.05.008
Sundar, V., Brucker, D. L., Pollack, M. A., & Chang, H. (2016). Community and social participation among adults with mobility impairments: A mixed methods study. Disability and Health Journal, 9(4), 682-691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2016.05.006
Tafvelin, S., Armelius, K., & Westerberg, K. (2011). Toward understanding the direct and indirect effects of transformational leadership on well-being: A longitudinal study. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 18(4), 480-492. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051811418342
Taşdelen-Karçkay, A., & Bakalım, O. (2017). The mediating effect of work–life balance on the relationship between work–family conflict and life satisfaction. Australian Journal of Career Development, 26(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416216682954
Thein, H. H., Austen, S., Currie, J., & Lewin, E. (2010). The impact of cultural context on the perception of work/family balance by professional women in Singapore and Hong Kong. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management, 10(3), 303-320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595810384585
Wang, H., & Li, J. (2015). How obesity influences psychological well-being and emotional exhaustion: The mediating role of personal initiative. Personality and Individual Differences, 75, 135-140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.020
Widhiarso, W. (2011). Berkenalan dengan pemaketan butir dalam Model Persamaan Struktural (SEM) [Getting to know the item packaging in Structural Equation Model (SEM)]. Wahyu Widhiarso - Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada. http://widhiarso.staff.ugm.ac.id/wp/berkenalan-dengan-pemaketan-butir-dalam-model-persamaan-struktural-sem/
Wood, S., & de Menezes, L. M. (2011). High involvement management, high-performance work systems and well-being. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 22(7), 1586-1610. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2011.561967
Yang,Y.-F. (2011). Leadership and change commitment in the life insurance service context in Taiwan: The mediating-moderating role of job satisfaction. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 112(3), 889-914. https://doi.org/10.2466/01.07.PMS.112.3.889-914
Published
2019-10-25
How to Cite
Afiatin, T., Akhtar, H., Reginasari, A., Lutfikasari, E., Penggalih, B. N., Nafiah, N. U., Sumawibawa, N. D. A., & Muslikhah, N. (2019). Physical Activity and Transformational Leadership as Predictors of the Psychological Well-Being of Working Mothers [Aktivitas Fisik dan Kepemimpinan Transformasional Sebagai Prediktor Kesejahteraan Psikologis Ibu Bekerja]. ANIMA Indonesian Psychological Journal, 35(1). https://doi.org/10.24123/aipj.v35i1.2583
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Articles published in ANIMA are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. You are free to copy, transform, or redistribute articles for any lawful, non-commercial purpose in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to ANIMA and the original Author(s), link to the license, indicate if changes were made, and redistribute any derivative work under the same license.
Copyright on articles is retained by the respective Author(s), without restrictions. A non-exclusive license is granted to ANIMA to publish the article and identify itself as its original publisher, along with the commercial right to include the article in a hardcopy issue for sale to libraries and individuals.
By publishing in ANIMA, Author(s) grant any third party the right to use their article to the extent provided by the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license.
